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Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
The framework of the larynx is formed by the thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic cartilages and by pairs of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. The aryepiglottic folds and the arytenoids are located immediately behind the epiglottis (Fig. 11.6). The aperture of the glottis (rima glottidis) is formed by the true vocal folds (plicae vocales) and the posterior commissure between the arytenoids. The anterior ligament of the true vocal folds is located at the anterior angle of the vocal folds. Between the true vocal folds and the false vocal folds (vestibular folds; plicae ventriculares) is the laryngeal ventricle. The nodular swellings located medially in the aryepiglottic folds are the corniculate cartilages which sit on top of the arytenoid cartilages. Lateral to the corniculate cartilages are the cuneiform cartilages.
Anatomy as Applied to Transoral Surgery
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Mark Puvanendran, Andrew Harris
Posteriorly the vocal cords attach to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilages (see Figure 23.11). The arytenoid cartilages are pyramidal in shape, having a forward projection already mentioned, the vocal process, and a lateral projection, the muscular process to which the posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricothyroid muscles attach. These paired cricoarytenoid units are the main functional elements of the larynx involved in speech and swallowing and thus at least one unit must be preserved if meaningful laryngeal function is to be maintained. Two corniculate cartilages articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages. Within the aryepiglottic folds sit two small cuneiform cartilages.
Case 84
Published in Simon Lloyd, Manohar Bance, Jayesh Doshi, ENT Medicine and Surgery, 2018
Simon Lloyd, Manohar Bance, Jayesh Doshi
There are four main categories: Posterior collapse: the redundant arytenoid mucosa or corniculate cartilages prolapses into the airwayLateral collapse: aryepiglottic folds and cuneiform or corniculate cartilages prolapseAnterior collapse: obstruction from retroflexed epiglottisCombined: two or more of the above patterns coexist
Airflow through the supraglottis during inspiration
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
L. Reid, M. Hayatdavoodi, S. Majumdar
The presentation of EILO typically occurs in the supraglottic region, but closure at the glottis, or a combination of both has been documented (Nielsen et al. 2013; Walsted et al. 2021). Supraglottic collapse during EILO involves the anteromedial movement of the arytenoid cartilages and overlying mucosa with their associated corniculate cartilages, including the posterior aspect of the aryepiglottic folds. The supraglottis is defined as the upper region of the larynx situated between the laryngeal inlet and the glottis. The mechanism behind supraglottic collapse is largely unknown but several hypotheses have been proposed. Halvorsen et al. (2017) published a statement on behalf of the European Respiratory Society and European Laryngological Society which outlines three pathophysiological mechanisms of inducible laryngeal obstruction, with mechanical insufficiency being implicated in the supraglottic obstruction observed during exercise. This hypothesis suggests that laryngeal tissue is unable to withstand forces induced by inspiratory airflow.
Anterior glottoplasty: the effect of inclusion of the vocal fold lamina propria to frequency elevation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Pengcheng Yu, Rui Fang, Chao Xue, Jack Jiang
The epiglottis, cuneiform cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and ventricular folds as well as the superior cornu were dissected away to expose the true vocal folds. A segment of trachea was preserved and sealed off by the inflated balloon of the endotracheal tube. The humidified and compressed air was provided by a ventilator (ResMed AutoSet II, Australia) and passed through an airflow adjust controller and a flowmeter (MF5706-N-10, Siargo Ltd, Shanghai, China) which was connected to the endotracheal tube. Vocal fold adduction was achieved by 5-0 polypropylene sutures placed through the vocal process and arytenoid cartilage (Figure 1(A)).