China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Cricoarytenoideus posterior (the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle) may be divided (Macalister 1875). It may also be bilaminar (Macalister 1875). It may send a slip to the cricothyroid joint (Macalister 1875; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle is associated with a few accessory muscles. It may be joined to the ceratocricoid muscle (Macalister 1875; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016; see the entry for this muscle). It may also be associated with ceratoarytenoid (also referred to as posterior thyroarytenoid, accessory thyroarytenoid, or ceratoarytenoideus lateralis), which extends between the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage (Gruber 1868b; Macalister 1867b, 1875; Knott 1883a; Le Double 1897; Hetherington 1934; Saban 1968; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). A cricocorniculate muscle may be present that originates from the upper margin of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into the corniculate cartilage (Maranillo and Sanudo 2016).
The spectrum of voice disorders – presentation
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
When the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are consistently contracted with increased tension, the posterior part of the vocal folds sit in an open position, allowing air to escape during phonation, resulting in a breathy voice with the potential for further increased muscle tension within the larynx. Hypertonicity within the larynx and stiffness of the vocal folds may lead to reduced mucosal wave on videostroboscopy. PGC may occur in those who report no voice disorder but who have a relatively ‘gentle’ and somewhat breathy voice. It is important that a distinction is made between what is ‘normal’ and what is a ‘pathology’ by the clinician, as in fact incomplete closure of the posterior part of the vocal folds is a common factor in young and middle-aged women (Sodersten et al., 1995). PGC is, however, often associated with occupational voice users, those who use voice professionally or occupationally and who have poor voice production technique and/or high level of voice demand. Treatment should focus on precipitating and perpetuating factors and improved voice technique.
Laryngeal tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Philip Touska, Steve Connor, Robert Hermans
The imaging features of vocal cord paralysis include volume reduction of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), which may manifest as hypodensity at the level of the true cord on CT or higher T1/T2 signal on MRI, reflecting atrophy and fatty replacement of the affected cord. Atrophy of the cricoarytenoid muscle may also be discerned (see Figure 3.42) (125). On PET-CT, unilateral vocal cord paralysis usually appears as relatively higher muscular uptake on the normal, unaffected side (126). Denervation of the muscles innervated by the RLN leads to anteromedial deviation of the arytenoid cartilage (resulting in a paramedian position of the cord), thickening of the ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold, and enlargement of the laryngeal ventricle and pyriform sinus (124). In the case of proximal vagal lesions, further features such as atrophy of the pharyngeal constrictor may be seen (124); additionally, by virtue of their proximity, there may be signs of glossopharyngeal, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal neuropathies.
Clinical outcomes of end-flexible-rigidscopic transoral surgery (E-TOS) in patients with T1-selected T3 pharyngeal and supraglottic cancers
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Yoshiki Watanabe, Shinzo Tanaka, Yasuyuki Hiratsuka, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Takao Yoshida, Junko Kusano, Isao Morita, Momoko Matsunaga, Masayuki Kitano, Tomoya Yamaguchi
Our results of E-TOS were compared with those of the previous ELPS study (Table 3). In this study, 79% of the patients had T2 or selected T3 primary lesions, while 86% of resected lesions were categorized into Tis or T1 in the ELPS study. Furthermore, 94% of our patients were diagnosed as invasive carcinoma by histopathological examination, which is considerably higher than 31% in the ELPS study. These results indicate that the patients in our E-TOS study had more advanced primary lesions than those in the ELPS study. We, however, achieved curative resection in 94% cases and no patients complained permanent laryngeal dysfunction including swallowing dysfunction, hoarseness after the surgery. No patient complained hoarseness, although six had impairment of abduction in a unilateral vocal cord due to the resection of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. Unilateral impairment of vocal cord abduction may not affect daily life conversation.
Study of arytenoid adduction performed under general anesthesia
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2019
Yu Saito, Ryoji Tokashiki, Kiyoaki Tsukahara
One advantage of endoscopic-assisted adduction surgery is that it only requires the insertion of needles, and separation of tissue is generally unnecessary. For patients in whom surgical procedures are difficult because of scarring after neck surgery, local anesthesia may not work particularly well. Also, in patients with a high risk of post-operative hemorrhage, endoscopic-assisted surgery will obviously reduce such risk because little separation of tissue is involved. In addition, if the invasiveness of surgery must be minimized for any reason, AA by EAAS would probably be less invasive than fenestration. However, care must be taken to avoid damaging the blood vessels of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle accompanying the adduction branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, outside the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (Figure 3). Adjustment of type 1 thyroplasty might be difficult if adduction surgery is performed under general anesthesia. As mentioned before, over collection of type 1 thyroplasty may become patient voice worse than before surgery and dyspnea may appeared after surgery. On the other hand, hoarseness may remain without type 1 thyroplasty. It is difficult to say that type 1 thyroplasty should be performed with AA under general anesthesia or not. To achieve even better voice quality, combined treatment with nerve-muscle pedicle implantation should be considered because the result is good and less air way complication. However there are some patients who can not perform nerve-muscle pedicle implantation.
Intraoperative Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle Electromyography May Predict Vocal Cord Function Prognosis after Loss of Signal during Thyroidectomy
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Nurcihan Aygun, Adnan Isgor, Mehmet Uludag
Vocal cords (VCs) play a critical role in respiration, sound production and airway protection, and their movements are coordinated by the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, motor innervation of both the adductor muscles (thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, interarytenoid muscle) and the abductor muscle (posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCAM)) is provided by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) [1].