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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is associated with several accessory muscles. It may be connected with cricoepiglotticus, which originates from the inner surface of the cricoid cartilage near the lateral cricoarytenoid and attaches to the epiglottis (Knott 1883a; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). A similar slip termed cricomembranosus (cricomembranous muscle) may pass to the quadrangular membrane, which extends between the epiglottis and the arytenoid cartilage (Knott 1883a; Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle may send a bundle to the thyroarytenoid muscle and thyroid cartilage termed the internal lateral cricothyroid muscle (Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). Syndesmoarytenoid may extend from the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and the lateral cricoarytenoid to the cricothyroid ligament (Maranillo and Sanudo 2016). Arythyrocricoid may originate from the transverse or oblique arytenoid muscles and insert into lateral cricoarytenoid (Maranillo et al. 2011).
Physiology of the Larynx
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Lesley Mathieson, Paul Carding
Immediately before phonation, the vocal folds rapidly abduct to allow the intake of air. Wyke20 termed this the ‘pre-phonatory inspiratory phase’. Subsequently, the vocal folds are adducted by the contraction of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscles. The vocal note is generated by pulmonary air as it is exhaled between the adducted vocal folds. The vocal folds working together constitute a vibrator, which is activated by the excitor, the exhaled air. The production of the vocal note at this point is the result of the repeated vibratory movement of the vocal folds, known as vocal fold oscillation. The mobility and deformability of the vocal folds determines the ease with which vocal fold vibration can be initiated.29 Subglottic air pressure increases below the adducted vocal folds until it reaches a level that overcomes their resistance and blows them apart, thus setting in motion the vibratory cycles which result in phonation. The vocal folds, in common with all vibrators, have a degree of inertia, which has to be overcome in order for phonation to occur. The amount of air pressure required to begin voicing is known as the ‘phonation threshold pressure’.30 The size and tension of the vocal folds in combination with the viscoelastic properties of the vocal fold cover will affect the phonation threshold pressure.29
Basic science
Published in Declan Costello, Guri Sandhu, Practical Laryngology, 2015
Chadwan Al Yaghchi, Martin Birchall
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles originate from the upper border of the arch of the cricoid cartilage and insert on the muscular process of the arytenoid. They rotate the arytenoid medially to close the glottis.
Study of arytenoid adduction performed under general anesthesia
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2019
Yu Saito, Ryoji Tokashiki, Kiyoaki Tsukahara
One advantage of endoscopic-assisted adduction surgery is that it only requires the insertion of needles, and separation of tissue is generally unnecessary. For patients in whom surgical procedures are difficult because of scarring after neck surgery, local anesthesia may not work particularly well. Also, in patients with a high risk of post-operative hemorrhage, endoscopic-assisted surgery will obviously reduce such risk because little separation of tissue is involved. In addition, if the invasiveness of surgery must be minimized for any reason, AA by EAAS would probably be less invasive than fenestration. However, care must be taken to avoid damaging the blood vessels of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle accompanying the adduction branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, outside the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (Figure 3). Adjustment of type 1 thyroplasty might be difficult if adduction surgery is performed under general anesthesia. As mentioned before, over collection of type 1 thyroplasty may become patient voice worse than before surgery and dyspnea may appeared after surgery. On the other hand, hoarseness may remain without type 1 thyroplasty. It is difficult to say that type 1 thyroplasty should be performed with AA under general anesthesia or not. To achieve even better voice quality, combined treatment with nerve-muscle pedicle implantation should be considered because the result is good and less air way complication. However there are some patients who can not perform nerve-muscle pedicle implantation.
Intraoperative Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle Electromyography May Predict Vocal Cord Function Prognosis after Loss of Signal during Thyroidectomy
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Nurcihan Aygun, Adnan Isgor, Mehmet Uludag
Vocal cords (VCs) play a critical role in respiration, sound production and airway protection, and their movements are coordinated by the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles, motor innervation of both the adductor muscles (thyroarytenoid muscle (TAM), lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, interarytenoid muscle) and the abductor muscle (posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCAM)) is provided by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) [1].