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Tracheostomy
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Kate Stephenson, Michelle Wyatt
Stenosis. This may occur at the tracheostome if cartilage is removed during the tracheostomy, or at the tip of the tube if suction is too vigorous or incorrectly applied. If the tracheostomy is placed too high and the cricoid cartilage is damaged by the tube, a subglottic stenosis may ensue.
Laryngeal tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Philip Touska, Steve Connor, Robert Hermans
The cartilaginous laryngeal skeleton forms the structural support of the larynx and, along with its ligamentous and membranous connections, represents an important barrier to tumour spread. The ring-shaped cricoid cartilage forms the caudal foundation of the larynx and has a ‘signet ring’ appearance with a lower, thinner arch anteriorly and a higher, flatter lamina posteriorly (Figure 3.1).
Obstruction of the Respiratory Orifices, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchia
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
As with the other strangulation mechanisms, the proportion of fractures detected depends on the dissection technique. Haarhoff [70] was unable to verify fractures to the larynx or to the hyoid bone in 40 autopsies of fatal ligature strangulation. Koops et al. [72] identified fractures to the larynx or the hyoid bone in 66 per cent of cases of homicidal ligature strangulation. In his autopsies, Maxeiner [73] established fractures in around 43 per cent of cases following fine dissection of the larynx. Bilateral fractures to the superior cornua of thyroid cartilage were by far the most frequent finding. Cricoid cartilage fractures are extremely uncommon. In rare cases, the hyoid bone is also fractured. Due to the intensive congestion syndrome, the fractures are generally a great deal more perfused than in death by hanging. By contrast, haemorrhaging in the joints of the larynx was determined in less than 10 per cent of cases [74].
Vocal tract discomfort and voice handicap index in patients undergoing thyroidectomy
Published in Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology, 2022
Masoumeh Saeedi, Meysam Yadegari, Samira Aghadoost, Maryam Naderi
The thyroid gland is a vital hormonal gland and one of the largest endocrine organs, which plays a major role in the growth, development, and metabolism of the human body [1]. This organ is located in the neck, anterior to the trachea, between the suprasternal notch and the cricoid cartilage. It is made of two lobes that are connected by an isthmus [2]. In thyroid problems, thyroidectomy is a commonly used surgical procedure [3] and vocal dysfunction is a known complication following thyroid surgery [4]. The prevalence of voice alterations in the thyroidectomy varies from 0.77% to 13.3% and is mainly due to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during the surgery [5,6]. However, alterations in voice quality and vocal symptoms can be observed in the absence of laryngeal nerve injuries [7,8]. Considering the voice complaints, pre- and post-thyroidectomy pre- and post-operatively, it is important to evaluate the voice and vocal symptoms.
The prognostic value of thyroid gland invasion in locally advanced laryngeal cancers
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Mustafa Aslıer, Bahar Ezgi Uçurum, Hilmi Cem Kaya, Hakan Coskun
In the non-TGI group, 23 of 78 (29.5%) patients were staged as pT3 and 55 patients (70.5%) were pT4. The presence of metastatic lymph nodes was detected as 84.6% in TGI group and 47.4% in non-TGI group (p = .029). Perineural invasion was reported in 53.8% of patients with TGI and 29.5% of patients in non-TGI group (p = .039). Cricoid cartilage invasion was found in all patients with TGI and in 25 (32.1%) patients without TGI (p = .000). Similarly, subglottic extension was detected in all patients of TGI group, while subglottic extension was detected in only 48 (61.5%) of non-TGI patients (p = .004). When the amount of subglottic extension was compared, the mean value was 28.69 mm in patients with TGI and 18.88 mm in non-TGI group (p = .027). The comparisons of clinical features and histopathological findings, with respect to the presence of TGI, were shown in Table 1.
Risk factors for decannulation failure after single-stage reconstruction of adult post-intubation tracheal stenosis: 10-year experience at a tertiary center
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Degree of stenosis between study groups is shown in Table 3. Of the 36 patients in the SD Group, 26 (72.2%) patients had Cotton–Myer grade II stenosis (51–70% obstruction), and 10 (27.8%) patients had grade III stenosis (71–99% obstruction). Of the 9 patients in the FD Group, 5 (55.5%) patients had Cotton–Myer grade II stenosis (51–70% obstruction), and 4 (44.5%) patients had grade III stenosis (71–99% obstruction). None of the patients in both groups had grade I (<50% obstruction) or grade IV (complete obstruction) stenosis. Both groups did not differ from each other by means of the degree of stenosis (p = .248). In the SD Group, the mean number of stenotic segments involved was 3.26 ± 1.14 (range, 2–6). Cricotracheal anastomosis was performed on 13 patients and tracheal anastomosis on 23 patients. In the FD Group, the mean number of stenotic segments involved was 2.94 ± 0.94 (range, 2–4). Cricotracheal anastomosis was performed on three patients and tracheal anastomosis on six patients. No cricoid cartilage or intrathoracic cartilage involvement was reported in both groups. Both groups did not differ from each other by means of the number of stenotic segments involved (p = .348).