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Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
Such second-hand smoke may further promote obesity. Adult women and men who before ten years of age were raised by parents, both of whom smoked, were exposed to two or more smokers in their household, respectively, have an elevated body mass index (Snyder, O’Malley, McKee, and Bartoshuk 2005). The mechanism for such an effect may revolve around the influence of second-hand smoke on not the nose, but rather, the ear. The smoke promotes childhood otitis media and such infection damages the chorda tympani. This increases the palatability of energy-dense foods and thus the propensity to adult-onset obesity (Bartoshuk et al. 2007). More intense exposure to smoke may be seen amongst firefighters. However, the olfactory ability of firefighters had never been addressed. Thus, we set out to assess olfactory ability in firefighters.
The nervous system
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
The facial nerve is almost entirely a motor nerve, supplying all the muscles of the scalp and face except the levator palpebrae superioris. The chorda tympani travels with the facial nerve during part of its course, so taste may also be lost on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue when the proximal part of the nerve is damaged.
Facial nerve—a clinical and anatomical review
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
Fernand Gentil, J.C. Reis Campos, Marco Parente, C.F. Santos, Bruno Areias, R.M. Natal Jorge
It is, still, possible to do simple tests that allow to check the location of the injury site in the path of the facial nerve, to advance in the most correct solution. The tests include (Kawamoto & Ikeda 2002): The Shirmer test – evaluates the function of greater superficial petrosal nerve and the amount of tearing. Place a filter paper in both lower eyelids. After 3 to 5 minutes compare the roles. A difference of more than 25% of the affected side (least amount of wet paper) indicates a lesion in the geniculate ganglion or the amount of this.Acoustic stapedius reflex – evaluates the stapedius branch of the facial nerve. The absence of reflexes may indicate the lesion before of this branch.Taste evaluation – sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue (innervated by chorda tympani). Placement of small amount of salt, sugar or lemon juice on his tongue. The loss of taste can indicate the amount of damage before of the chorda tympani.Test of Blatt – evaluates the integrity of the salivary glands. On catheterize the channels of Wharton bilaterally and salivary flow measurements after 5 minutes; a difference of over 25% indicates a supra-cordal injury.
Otosclerosis and stapedotomy: hearing improvement, complications, and analysis of potential prognostic factors in a series of 93 cases
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Charlotte Wedel, Niels H. Holm, Frank Mirz, Therese Ovesen
Taste disturbances were reported in 32.6% of cases after primary surgery. This is either of transient (18.1%) or permanent nature/present at late follow-up (14.5%). There were no reports of preoperative taste disturbances. Berling Holm reported an incidence of taste disturbances at 61.9% at any time postoperatively, declining to 5.2% one year after surgery [16]. Another study found an incidence of 1.5% of taste disturbances one year after surgery [5]. We believe that the large difference in our results is mainly due to our study being a retrospective study with no systematic reporting of postoperative taste disturbances. The span in the appointment time for the late follow-up could also be a contributing factor to the difference in our results. It should also be kept in mind that taste disturbances are a complex matter. In our study, we found two cases where the chorda tympani nerve was either damaged during surgery or had been damaged at previous surgery. In none of these cases, did patients report taste disturbances before or after surgery. This lack of correlation between surgical trauma and the type of symptom has also previously been described [16]. Our results underline the fact that taste disturbances are a common postoperative complication which patients should be informed about before surgery.
Delayed postoperative complications in 624 consecutive cochlear implantation cases
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Lusen Shi, Guangjie Zhu, Dengbin Ma, Chengwen Zhu, Jie Chen, Xiaoyun Qian, Xia Gao
Soft-tissue problems are the most common complications of CI surgery [10]. Although many surgeons perform minimally invasive surgery nowadays [11], we have continued with routine incisions and the muscle-periosteum ‘Y’ incision. This surgical incision not only adequately exposes the surgical area, but also retains the vascular blood supply of the skin flap and keeps the periosteal flap far away from the skin incision [12]. Also, instead of using bone cement, we create a deep bony well, the bottom of which is dura, over the temporal bone in order to adequately secure the device and prevent device migration. It requires a lot of patience and skill to create the bony well. A bony tunnel to secure the electrode extends from the bony well at an approximately 45-degree angle to the ground when the patient is standing upright. We prevent facial or chorda tympani nerve-related complications by contouring the facial and chorda tympani nerve and fully exposing the round window.
Outcomes of ossicular disruption in traumatic facial paralysis: a case series
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Xudong Yan, Pei Liu, Caili Ji, Min Zhang, Xiaoheng Zhang, Fugao Zhu, Tao Fu
All the 11 patients diagnosed with traumatic facial nerve paralysis and ossicular disruption underwent surgeries using the posterior tympanum approach. The posterior tympanotomy was performed under general anesthesia. Following a retroauricular incision, an intact canal wall mastoidectomy was completed. The facial recess was identified and enlarged between the facial nerve and the chorda tympani nerve. Then the posterior bony buttress between the facial recess and the fossa incudis was drilled for sufficient vision. The tympanic segment to the vertical segment of the facial nerve was exposed. The incus was removed when the decompression of the labyrinthine segment and first genu was required. Subsequently, ossiculoplasty was performed either by the realignment of the incus or with a relevant prosthesis for the ossicular disruption. Of the 26 patients diagnosed with traumatic ossicular disruption, 21 underwent tympanotomy using the transcanal approach under a microscope or endoscope.