China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The patient with acute cardiovascular problems
Published in Peate Ian, Dutton Helen, Acute Nursing Care, 2020
Neural mechanisms of blood pressure regulation lie predominately within the pons and medulla of the brain. The cardiovascular centre (CVC) controls both vessel tone through the vasomotor centre and heart rate through the cardiac centre. Changes in the internal environment are detected by sensors, which communicate with the cardiovascular centre via neural pathways. The cardiovascular centre responds by activation or inhibition of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system to maintain homeostasis. The autonomic nervous system is explained in more detail in Chapter 9. Sensor mechanisms include baroreceptors, which are sensitive to stretch and are situated in the walls of the aortic arch, and bifurcation of the common carotid arteries, in an ideal position to detect pressure changes. Information from the baroreceptors is transmitted via the carotid sinus and vagus nerves to the CVC, and a falling mean arterial pressure will reduce the information flow. A corresponding increase in sympathetic outflow from the CVC causes vasoconstriction via stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the systemic vasculature and an increase in heart rate and contractility via beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation in the heart. These responses will cause an increase in cardiac output and blood pressure (see Figure 6.9).
The cardiac system: Physiology and principles of care
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
The heart is influenced by autonomic nerves processed by the cardiovascular centre in the medulla oblongata (brain stem). The autonomic system consists of parasympathetic (which reduces rate and force of heartbeat) and sympathetic (which act to increase heart rate) nerves. SeeBox 2.3 for the factors that can affect heart rate.
B
Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Bakey, Michael Ellis de (b 1908) American cardiovascular surgeon, born in Lake Charles in Louisiana. He graduated from Tulane University and was lecturer in surgery at the same institution until he moved to Baylor University College of Medicine in Houston, Texas in 1948. At Houston he joined with Arthur Denton Cooley (b 1920) and developed a surgical cardiovascular center of international repute.
Association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with the presence of hypertension in the Central European population: results from KardioVize 2030 study
Published in Acta Cardiologica, 2023
Robert Prosecky, Sarka Kunzova, Petra Kovacovicova, Maria Skladana, Pavel Homolka, Ondrej Sochor, Peter Kruzliak, Laura Kate Gadanec, Ladislav Soukup, Jan Novak
Our study is supported by similar studies, such as Hürr et al. [21], who use similar-sized cohort (n = 2034) and demonstrated the association of obesity (defined using BMI and ECW) and the categories of hypotensive, normotensive and hypertensive individuals. ECW content had the highest effect on the SBP, while no effect on DBP, similarly our spatial thin-plate models showed a correlation to BMI and ECW (Figure 2). Similar results were also obtained by Seo et al. [22] who studied the effect of body water parameters obtained by the bioimpedance method and their effect on blood pressure values. They used non-randomized adult population of patients visiting the Cardiovascular Centre Outpatient Hypertension Clinic and Health Examination Centre of Korea University, Guro Hospital in Seol, Korea. Altogether they enrolled 2934 individuals and observed increased values of ECW between normotensive and hypertensive women, but not in men. When they adjusted the values of ECW to BMI, the difference became apparent even in men and for every decrease by 1 standard deviation there was a reduced risk of hypertension by 30% in women and 28% in men. Within our study we observed smaller differences; however, we used a different methodology (changes induced by 1 l vs. 1 standard deviation change). In contrast to Seo et al. we did not exclude individuals with apparent lower limb oedemas. Moreover, unlike Seo et al. we decided to adjust ECW values to BSA, not BMI, as BMI itself already contains the “weight” of the water in it, thus BSA seems more suitable for adjustments to us.
Prediction parameters of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction improvement in patients after acute coronary syndrome
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2023
Marija Bjelobrk, Tatjana Miljković, Aleksandra Ilić, Aleksandra Milovančev, Snežana Tadić, Snežana Bjelić, Dragana Dabović, Milenko Čanković, Vladimir Ivanović, Andrej Preveden, Dejana Popović
The study was designed as non-randomized and conducted during two years in which period a total of 85 subjects were included. We prospectively enrolled patients 4–6 weeks after ACS, including both ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), as well as non-stable angina pectoris (APNS) distinguished following the recommendations to the relevant guidelines [5,6]. Exclusion criteria included patients <18 and >75 years old, chronic heart failure (HF) with left ventricular ejection fraction <45%, uncontrolled hypertension, anaemia, inability to exercise, or patients who were not motivated to exercise, hemodynamically significant valvular disorders, advanced chronic pulmonary diseases (forced vital capacity (FVC) and/or forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) <80% of the predicted value for the observed age), uncontrolled supraventricular or ventricular rhythm disorders, and myocardial ischemia induced by exercise. The study was conducted at a tertiary care cardiovascular centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina (ICVDV), Division of Cardiology, which is relevant for a population of around 2,000,000 patients. Before the beginning and at the end of the study, all patients underwent clinical evaluation, detailed echocardiography (ECHO), and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). All patients provided written informed consent prior to enrolment, approved by the local Ethical Committee.
Perioperative Complications and Postoperative Mortality in Patients of Acute Stanford Type a Aortic Dissection with Cardiac Tamponade
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Dong Ji, Ziyi Wu, Hongyu Dai, Jing Yang, Xun Zhang, Jing Jin, Qingguo Li, Hao Yao
In this study, the in-hospital mortality of ATAAD patients with TMP was 29.5%, which was much lower than the 54.0% reported by Gilon et al. This may be related to our central management model:(1) The cardiovascular center in our hospital consists of cardiac surgery, cardiology, intensive care unit, cardiovascular anesthesia department and operating room, and they are placed on the same floor. (2) All ATAAD patients will skip the emergency department after diagnosis and be sent directly to the cardiovascular center intensive care unit. After symptomatic treatment, they will be sent to the operating room. (3) When ATAAD patients are on admission, the doctors on duty immediately inform the operating room and the anesthesiology department to prepare in advance, which greatly shortens the time.