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Effects of Hyperthermia On Hematopoietic Tissues
Published in Leopold J. Anghileri, Jacques Robert, Hyperthermia in Cancer Treatment, 2019
I have grouped D0s for studies of both mouse and human CFU-GM in Table 1. The spread in the data among different studies is striking and makes it risky to compare the human and mouse cells. However, in the one study in which CFU-GM of human and murine origin were directly compared,43 the human cells were clearly more resistant at all temperatures where comparisons were made. Part of the problem with the CFU-GM data is that different assays were used. Elkon and McGrath47 use the increase in cell number within diffusion chambers implanted in the peritoneal cavities of irradiated mice as an index of granulocyte-macrophage stem cells. All other assays of CFU-GM, as I have described, rely on the growth of colonies of granulocytes and macrophages in vitro in an agar- or methylcellulose-based semisolid system.
An Animal Model of Pure Red Cell Aplasia
Published in Stephen A. Feig, Melvin H. Freedman, Clinical Disorders and Experimental Models of Erythropoietic Failure, 2019
We and others have characterized FeLV-C/Sarma-induced PRCA from a physiologic perspective. A representative study is shown in Figure 4. After initial evaluations this 10-week-old cat received 5 mg/kg methylprednisolone subcutaneously on days -4, 0, 1, 4, 7, and 10, and 105 ffu/kg of biologically cloned FeLV-C/Sarma intraperitoneally on day 0. At 24 weeks the cat required transfusions. The reticulocyte count was 0 and the marrow aspirate contained no hemoglobinized cells. Granulocyte and megakaryocyte numbers and morphologies were normal, confirming the diagnosis of PRCA. At 22 weeks, just prior to the anemia, colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E) became undetectable in marrow cultures. Yet, normal to increased frequencies of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) remained. Similarly, frequencies of granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) were normal.
Experimental Benzene Toxicity
Published in Muzaffer Aksoy, Benzene Carcinogenicity, 2017
It is believed that CFU-S differentiate to cells that are still capable of self-renewal but are committed to one particular hematopoietic lineage. These cells are called specific progenitor cells. They are more likely to be actively proliferating than CFU-S in vivo. Under the stimulus of an appropriate growth factor, specific progenitor cells produce hematopoietic colonies of a single lineage in vitro. They can be enumerated by counting the colonies they form in culture. Their short-hand notation is derived from their in vitro colony-forming abilities. There are two erythrocytic-specific progenitor cells. The more primitive cell is called the burst-forming unit — erythroid (BFU-E) while the more differentiated cell is called the colony-forming unit — erythroid (CFU-E). Analogously, the granulocyte/macrophage-specific progenitor cell is known as the colony-forming unit — granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM).
Enalaprilat and losartan decrease erythroid precursors frequency in cells from patients with polycythemia vera
Published in Hematology, 2023
Angela Bozza, Martina Bernardi, Daniela Catanzaro, Katia Chieregato, Anna Merlo, Giuseppe Astori
PB-MNCs of JAK2V617F positive PV patients treated with enalaprilat showed a significant reduction in BFU-E number at every dose tested. (Figure 3(A)). The number of CFU-GEMM decreased significantly with respect to controls only at 1μg/ml of enalaprilat (Figure 3(A)). Instead, treatment with losartan caused a significant reduction of BFU-E number only at high doses (1 and 10 µg/ml) (Figure 3(B)). CFU-GM did not show any significant change with both drugs, except for 1 µg/ml enalaprilat concentration in which GM number increased (Figure 3(A,B)). We tested also samples isolated from BM of PV patients. In these cells, BFU-E frequency decreased only at the lowest dose of enalaprilat (Figure 3(C)) and 0.1 and 1 µg/ml losartan (Figure 3(D)). No differences were observed in GEMM and GM colonies with both drugs, except for GEMM reduction with 0.01 µg/ml losartan. The reduction in erythroid colony number observed in PB samples correlates with the reduction in total colony number with both drugs, except at 1 µg/ml enalaprilat (Figure 3(E)). In BM samples, this correspondence is not present, probably due to higher variability in GEMM and GM counts (Figure 3(F)).
Environmental radiation on large Japanese field mice in Fukushima reduced colony forming potential in hematopoietic progenitor cells without inducing genomic instability
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Kentaro Ariyoshi, Tomisato Miura, Kosuke Kasai, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Yohei Fujishima, Akifumi Nakata, Atsushi Takahashi, Yoshinaka Shimizu, Hisashi Shinoda, Hideaki Yamashiro, Colin Seymour, Carmel Mothersill, Mitsuaki A. Yoshida
The experimental procedure for the CFU assay is shown in Figure 1(B). The flushed bone marrow cells were dissociated into single-cell suspensions by pipetting. Cells were then suspended in CELLBANKER 1plus (Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo) and stored at −80 °C until use (typically from 1 to 2 months). Thawed cells were diluted with Iscove’s MDM containing 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Thermo Scientific) to determine total cell count and cell viability using the Muse Count and Viability kit (Muse Cell Analyzer; Millipore) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Over 85% of viable cell stocks were used for the CFC assay. CFC assay was performed with MethoCult GF M3434 methylcellulose medium (Stem Cell Technologies). Cells (0.5–1 × 105 cells) were seeded per dish and maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Colonies of burst-forming unit-erythroid cells (BFU-E) and colony-forming-unit-megakaryocytes (CFU-Meg) were scored on day 7, while CFU–granulocyte macrophages (CFU-GM) were scored on day 12 of the incubation according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Colonies of CFU-GM were pooled on day 12 of the incubation and used in the following experiments.
Preclinical evaluations of Norcantharidin liposome and emulsion hybrid delivery system with improved encapsulation efficiency and enhanced antitumor activity
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Zixu Liu, Linxuan Zhao, Xinyi Tan, Zixuan Wu, Ning Zhou, Nan Dong, Yu Zhang, Tian Yin, Haibing He, Jingxin Gou, Xing Tang, Song Gao
NCTD is currently the only antitumor drug with the leukogenic effect, which can improve immunity. This effect may be the result of accelerated bone marrow maturation or release in the early stage, and promotion of the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and differentiation to colony form unit-granulocyte and monocyte (CFU-GM) in the later stage[67]. In our study, the NLEH group and the NCTD solution group demonstrated a good leukogenic effect, which can contribute to the overall immune system. NLR is closely related to host factors and tumor, which indicates that NLR in cancer patients reflects the complex interaction between the host immune response and the tumor[66]. Elevated NLR predicts a worse overall and a progression-free survival (OS and PFS). The lymphocyte is the main effector cell of the antitumor response, the neutrophil can promote tumor growth and form the basis of poor prognosis associated with high NLR. In our study, the NLR was lower than that of the saline group. Therefore, NLEH can promote the host immune response. In short, NLEH exhibited a better antitumor immunity.