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Adapting Injection Techniques to Different Regions
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
The buccal region is composed of six fascial layers, including skin (layer 1), subcutaneous fat (layer 2, jowl fat compartment), SMAS/platysma, (layer 3), buccal space (layer 4), buccopharyngeal fascia (layer 5), and the buccinator muscle (layer 6). The facial artery travels through the buccal space. This space is located anterior to the masticatory space (which contains the buccal fat pad). The facial vein canal borders posteriorly.
Tumours of the oral cavity and pharynx
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Kunwar S S Bhatia, Ann D King, Robert Hermans
The neck is subdivided by fascia and other structures into spaces which can explain pathways of local tumoural and infectious spread (Figure 1.3). This includes the oral cavity and pharynx within the pharyngeal mucosal space, which, at the level of the nasopharynx and upper oropharynx, is bordered laterally from front to back by the buccal space, the masticator space, the parapharyngeal space, and the carotid space (also referred to as post-styloid parapharyngeal space), and posteriorly by the retropharyngeal space, behind which is the perivertebral space. In the suprahyoid neck, each parapharyngeal space is a readily identifiable landmark on CT and MRI, appearing as a triangular-shaped region of fat (loose areolar tissue).
The pathogenic microbial flora and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in odontogenic infections
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Paul Andrei Tent, Raluca Iulia Juncar, Florin Onisor, Simion Bran, Antonia Harangus, Mihai Juncar
Of all abscesses with single fascial space involvement, submandibular space abscesses are the most frequent (Krishnan et al. 1993; Storoe et al. 2001; Akst et al. 2005, Wang, et al. 2005; Igoumenakis et al. 2014; Walia et al. 2014; Singh et al. 2014; Farmahan et al. 2015; Opitz et al. 2015; Shah et al. 2016). There are studies in which the lower molars represent the most frequent starting point of head and neck infections, which explains the high incidence of submandibular abscesses (Moenning et al. 1989; Sethi and Stanley 1994; Storoe et al. 2001; Singh et al. 2014; Farmahan et al. 2015). In contradiction with the results above, some authors indicate the buccal space (Huang et al. 2006; Kohli et al. 2009; Kityamuwesi et al. 2015; Zirk et al. 2016) to be the most frequently affected by infections, while others report the involvement of the pterygomandibular space (Flynn et al. 2006). These discrepancies are due to the difference between the predominant causative factors found in the different studies (Huang et al. 2006; Kohli et al. 2009; Kityamuwesi et al. 2015). For example, in the study of Flynn et al. (2006), the most frequent causative factor of head and neck infections is lower third molar pericoronitis. This result explains the increased incidence of pterygomandibular space abscesses (Flynn et al. 2006). The schematic representation of the dissemination possibilities of the head and neck odontogenic suppurative process are shown in Figure 2.
Oral mucosa grafting in periorbital reconstruction
Published in Orbit, 2018
The OMG should be dissected off the submucosal fat and minor salivary glands (MSG) covering the inner surface of the buccinator muscle.74,75 Trauma to the buccinator which serves as a muscle of facial expression may lead to wound contracture and restriction of mouth opening.76 Perioral numbness may result from injury to the buccal nerve caused by aggressive posterior dissection during harvesting from the inner cheek. The harvesting surgeon must be constantly aware of the structures within the anatomical buccal space lateral to the buccinator muscle. These include the buccal fat pad; Stensen’s duct of the parotid gland; the facial artery and vein anteriorly; the buccal artery posteriorly; lymphatic vessels; together with buccal branches of the facial and trigeminal nerves. Stensen’s duct arises from the parotid gland, continues forward lateral to the masseter, it then turns medially at the anterior border of the masseter, passes through the buccal fat pad and penetrates the buccinator muscle before terminating at its orifice on the mucosa opposite the maxillary second molar tooth.74,75 Inadvertent trauma to Stensen’s duct may lead to a transient decrease in parotid salivary flow. Damage can be avoided by visually identifying the opening of Stensen’s duct or by squeezing the parotid gland.77,78
Prehospital Manual Ventilation: An NAEMSP Position Statement and Resource Document
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2022
John W. Lyng, Francis X. Guyette, Michael Levy, Nichole Bosson
Certain patients present particular challenges to maintaining an adequate seal for effective BVM ventilation. In bearded patients it is difficult to maintain a seal due to leaks between the hair and the mask edge (8). Althunayyan et al. used gel applied to the beard to significantly improve delivered tidal volumes (median 467 ml vs. 283 ml, p < 0.01) and the number of successful ventilations (42). Researchers have suggested leaving dentures in place in endentulous patients (8). Golzari et al. found that placing gauze into each buccal space resulted in the highest rate of successful ventilations with BVM in edentulous patients, followed by maintaining dentures in place (43). While potentially helpful, none of these techniques have been rigorously tested.