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Facial anatomy
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Superficial branches of the buccal branch of the facial nerve innervate the procerus muscles. The buccal branches come off from the facial nerve after it has exited the stylomastoid foramen and spread transversely to supply the muscles around the mouth and in the infraorbital region.
Perioral Region
Published in Ali Pirayesh, Dario Bertossi, Izolda Heydenrych, Aesthetic Facial Anatomy Essentials for Injections, 2020
Krishan Mohan Kapoor, Philippe Kestemont, Jay Galvez, André Braz, John J. Martin, Dario Bertossi
The buccinator originates from the outer surfaces of the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible, respectively, opposite the molar teeth. Its fibers converge toward the modiolus. The buccinator presses the cheek against the teeth and gums during mastication and expels the distended cheek air between the lips (an activity important when playing wind instruments). The buccinator is supplied by branches of the facial and buccal arteries. The latter is a branch of the maxillary artery. Muscle innervation is via the buccal branch of the facial nerve.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The muscles of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII) (Plates 3.16, 3.26, and 3.27). Just anterior to the ear lobe, a few branches of the facial nerve emerge from the stylomastoid foramen, including the branches that form the parotid plexus within the parotid gland. The parotid plexus of the facial nerve gives off the temporal branch crossing the zygomatic arch; the zygomatic branch crossing the zygomatic bone; the buccal branches crossing the superficial surface of the masseter muscle; the mandibular (or marginal mandibular) branch that parallels the inferior margin of the mandible; and the cervical branch that crosses the angle of the mandible to enter the neck. In human anatomy, these are usually considered to be branches of the facial nerve, and not discrete nerves themselves. For instance, the buccal branch of the facial nerve crosses the superficial surface of the masseter muscle to provide motor innervation to the buccinator muscle, while the buccal nerve of the trigeminal mandibular division (CN V3) emerges from deep to the masseter muscle to innervate the skin of the cheek, and to pierce the buccinator to provide sensory innervation to the cheek mucosa. Other branches of the facial nerve are the posterior auricular nerve, which innervates some facial expression muscles, and the nerves to the stylohyoid muscle and to the posterior digastric muscle, which innervate the stylohyoid and posterior digastric muscles, respectively.
The effects of lipoic acid and methylprednisolone on nerve healing in rats with facial paralysis*
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Emrah Tekdemir, Arzu Tatlipinar, Dilek Özbeyli, Özge Tekdemir, Emrah Kınal
The regions corresponding to the trace of the left facial nerve were shaved after administration of anesthesia and then painted with povidone–iodine. A 2 cm horizontal skin incision from the anterior part of external auditory meatus toward the level of the first whisker at the corner of the mouth was performed. The buccal branch of the facial nerve was exposed after passing the skin and subcutaneous tissues (Figure 1).