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Bio-Implants Derived from Biocompatible and Biodegradable Biopolymeric Materials
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
3D bone structure requires porosity, for the flow of nutrients, blood, oxygen, and mineral. Production of such structure remains a problem using conventional methods. Blends made up of PLA and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) is a suitable material that gives properties required. Bone grafting method is used for the repair of bones that are severely damaged or lost completely. Arthritis, traumatic injury, and surgery for bone tumor are very common in the senior people. New researches for the design of new materials for the wide application are very much necessary. There can be permanent or temporary bone replacement depending on the properties of the material. A permanent bone replacement can use when a bone is missing due to some conditions. A temporary implant is used when the implant could be removed when the treatment is completed [101]. The selection will be depending on various factors, the purpose clinical application, defect area size, mechanical, and strength properties, material availability, and required bioactivity, material handling, cost aspects, and ethical concepts [105, 106].
Mechanical Properties and Testing Methods of Bone
Published in Yuehuei H. An, Richard J. Friedman, Animal Models in Orthopaedic Research, 2020
Yuehuei H. An, Robert A. Draughn
Good articles on bone structure and composition and their relation to mechanical properties were presented by Carter and Spengler,3 Katz,4 Hoesler,5 Cowin,1 Tencer,2 Hayes and Bouxsein.6
The locomotor system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
The same bone changes occur with all types of hyperparathyroidism. The changes seen depend on the duration and severity of the hyperparathyroidism. Some patients complain of bone pain. X-rays may be normal or show generalized osteopenia. There may be subperiosteal cortical resorption, particularly affecting the phalanges and sometimes the outer ends of the clavicles. Rarely, especially in secondary hyperparathyroidism, there is an increase in bone density (osteosclerosis). Occasionally, one or more localized areas of radiolucency, so-called brown tumours, are seen. In hyperparathyroidism there is an increased incidence of pseudogout and gout. The surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma or of hyperplastic glands is followed by a rapid fall in serum levels of PTH. Normal bone structure is usually rapidly restored.
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass and bone mineral density, and impaired bone microstructure. It is common, especially among postmenopausal women [1]. Due to these changes in bone structure, certain complications are observed, including susceptibility to bone fractures, delayed fracture healing, and loss of stabilization [2]. Decreased bone mineral density and increased cancellous bone spaces in the jaws of osteoporotic individuals are risk factors for early and late dental implant failure [3]. To prevent complications and reduce mortality and morbidity, standard treatments must be supported by inducing therapies for bone healing [4]. Although research on osteoporotic fractures has focused on preventing bone fractures and preserving the bone structure, little emphasis has been placed on bone healing [5].
Experimental evaluation of impact-resistant gloves using surrogate hands
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Faisal M. Alessa, Eduardo M. Sosa
In terms of materials, a dual-material model was adopted to materialize the surrogate hand. The bone structure was obtained by 3D printing, and the soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments, fat and skin represented as a whole) were represented by medical-grade synthetic gel material. The hand bone structure was first digitally constructed from 3D scans of actual human hand bones using a laser scanner (Figure 1(a)). Existing skeletal hand models [33] were used as a reference to assemble and ensure the correct position of the scanned bones within the volume of the 3D digital hand volume. Previous experimental data obtained from tests with cadaveric hand specimens were used to fine-tune the 3D printing parameters for the bone structure and select the appropriate gel stiffness to mimic the soft tissues of the hand.
Romosozumab for the treatment of postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Piet Geusens, Natasha Appelman-Dijkstra, Willem Lems, Joop van den Bergh
None of the fracture prediction models is perfect [21]. As the risk of fracture is a continuous variable, there are no obvious natural thresholds for defining high risk [22]. Examples of propositions to define ‘very high’ fracture risk for treatment decisions include the presence of very low BMD (alone or combined with recent fractures or other CRFs), fracture history (their recency, and, for VFs, their presence, number, and severity), FRAX (above fixed, age-dependent or a mixture of both (‘hybrid’) thresholds), fall risk, and treatment failure during anti-resorptive (AR) treatment [19,23–28]. In subjects with a very high fracture risk, especially at short term, the goal is not to maintain but to improve bone structure and BMD [29], and to rapidly reduce the risk of VFs and non-VFs.