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Food Has Genders (and Sexualities)
Published in Phillip Joy, Megan Aston, Queering Nutrition and Dietetics, 2023
Ramiro Fernandez Unsain, Mariana Dimitrov Ulian, Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi
In this chapter, we seek to describe and analyze how the social construction of bear bodies, based on their weight and body benchmarks, intersects health, identity, and foodways dimensions. It is crucial to understand that, according to our findings, weight and the body shape is a distinct characteristic that overlaps with the ordinary numerical representation to become a diacritical feature. These bear bodies are highly valued and considered masculine and desirable because of their overweight and fat presence, especially in the belly.
Obesity
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
This suggestion that we should focus upon desirable behaviour change rather than weight per se is an important point for those working in health education and health promotion. Huge numbers of people go on diets and spend lots of money on a variety of books and products in order to try, usually unsuccessfully, to achieve an “ideal” body shape. The severe social and psychological consequences of being obese mean that very few people are content to be obese and many people are desperate to become or remain lean and are willing to adopt desperate measures to achieve this and even adopting unpleasant or unhealthy practices like purging, periodic fasting, using unlicensed and dangerous drugs purchased online and even smoking to try and lose weight. Many people’s quality of life seems to be permanently diminished by restraint of their eating and food choices or guilt about their eating. Despite this, obesity rates continue to increase. It was noted earlier that 24% of English adults are trying to lose weight despite being of normal weight and this tendency may be even more marked in adolescent girls and young women. Health promotion campaigns that focus solely upon body fat per se are, at best, probably pointless because most people already desperately want to become or remain lean. At worst, they may increase the prejudice and discrimination against obese people and push some impressionable young people into trying to lose weight when it is inappropriate and using methods that are harmful.
Massage Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
This old adage is an especially important factor in massage therapy for the chronic pain patient. There are three basic body compositions relative to muscle development: soft muscles, which are found in bodies that have a rounded shape with round bones; long high-tension muscle fibers, found in tall bodies with long bones; and the dense muscle type, which belongs to a more rectangular body shape.
Attraction to Physical and Psychological Features of Children in Child-Attracted Persons
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Frederica M. Martijn, Kelly M. Babchishin, Lesleigh E. Pullman, Kailey Roche, Michael C. Seto
There were 352 additional physical suggestions by 136 participants. Of these, 327 (93%) could be classified into six overarching themes, further divided into 29 descriptive codes (see Table 3). The theme face and head (number of suggestions [k] = 114; number of participants [n] = 57) could be divided into six descriptive codes, including eyes, hair, mouth/lips, teeth, nose, and ears; the theme body parts (k= 92; n= 48) could be divided into ten descriptive codes related to the body from the neck down, including limbs, feet, belly, hands, chest, neck, shoulders, waist/hips, genitalia, and back. Children’s bodies (k= 50; n= 36) refer to bodily features that are specific to children’s bodies, with four descriptive codes: the absence or development of the breasts, absence of facial, body, or pubic hair, head-to-body-ratio of children, and deciduous teeth. The theme body shape (k= 32; n= 26) comprised three descriptive codes that described more overall encompassing features of the body, indicating a certain compositionality of one body part relating to another body part: body composition (e.g., chubbiness, muscularity, leanness), overarching facial features, and the curviness of the body. The theme body movement (k= 25; n= 21) included three descriptive codes: smile, gait, and facial expressions; and last, the other theme (k= 14; n= 13), comprised three descriptive codes, namely accessories and clothing, “everything,” and smell.
The Influence of Body Shape on Impressions of Sexual Traits
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2022
Flora Oswald, Amanda Champion, Cory L. Pedersen
Early research by Sheldon (1954) investigating human body shape categorized bodies along three fundamental dimensions: mesomorph (average but muscular build), ectomorph (tall and thin), and endomorph (short and round) to establish a link between body shape and personality. Though such a link was never definitively established, this categorization system was widely adopted. Seminal studies based on these categorizations indicated reliable evaluations of larger bodies as having more negative personality traits (e.g., Brodsky, 1954; E. C. Hill, 1975; Lerner, 1969; Strongman & Hart, 1968; Wells & Siegel, 1961). More recent research has revealed similar results, with fat bodies deemed unattractive, lazy, undisciplined, unintelligent, and incompetent (e.g., Flint, 2015; Hu et al., 2018; Paul & Townsend, 1995).
Frequency and prevalence of obesity and related comorbidities in West Texas
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
Samantha Edwards, Sharan Bijlani, Hannah Fairley, Nathan Lloyd, Ana Marcella Rivas, J. Drew Payne
Several limitations exist in this cross-sectional analysis. One significant limitation in the framework involves instrumentation, primarily the role of BMI as an accurate measure of obesity, specifically adiposity. Meta-analysis indicates that BMI serves as a specific measure for individuals with BMI > 30 kg/m2 but is not sensitive enough for body fat percentage measurements of patients with BMI < 30 kg/m2.17 Hip-to-waist ratio and body shape are both descriptions utilized to further classify body adiposity. The sample size for this characterization includes a larger female population size (n = 5472 vs 3872), which could affect the power of the study. No weight history was obtained during data review, and the BMI at the time of comorbidity diagnosis was not obtained during the review.18,19 In addition, diagnosis of weight-reducing disease processes (e.g., cancer, HIV, anorexia) was not included. These points limit our analysis.