China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dermatologic diseases and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Holly Edmonds, Dana Ward, Ann G. Martin, Susana Leal-Khouri
Some degree of hirsutism develops in many women early in pregnancy and is most pronounced in women with preexisting abundant body hair or dark hair. Excessive hair growth is most pronounced on the face (upper lip, chin, and cheeks); however, the arms, legs, back, and suprapubic areas may be affected. Within 6 months postpartum, excess vellus-type hairs disappear, but coarse terminal hairs may remain.
Scabies and pediculosis
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
The diagnosis of pubic lice is made by observation of the nit or adult louse. Here, too, maculae ceruleae may sometimes be found, but more often the nit or louse may be seen on the hair shaft. Crab lice prefer short hairs, most commonly the pubic area, but may be found on the eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, occipital scalp and body hair. Infestation of the eyelashes may be confused with other forms of blepharitis. They generally are asymptomatic for up to 30 days, but then they usually start to itch. The larvae attach to a single hair and take 7 to 8 days to mature, and then as adults they straddle two hairs. The finding of pubic lice on a child should alert one to the possibility of child abuse.
Retinoids in Hair Disorders
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
Brent J. Doolan, Rodney Sinclair
Patients receiving systemic treatment with synthetic retinoids often suffer from substantial retinoid-induced ATE. This is one of the most frequent and psychologically distressing adverse effects of retinoid therapy, which results in premature termination of a clinically desired and often highly effective systemic therapy with retinoids (19). The risk of ATE due to the systemic retinoids has been reported to vary over a range of 10%–75% (20). The risk is greater for acitretin than for etretinate therapy and is much less common with isotretinoin and bexarotene. Hair loss is a dose-related effect and is reversible starting 2 months after either discontinuation of therapy or a significant dose reduction. Hair loss may affect body hair also, with mild hair loss involving the pubic, axillary, and vellus hairs. Increased hair fragility may also be observed. As with telogen effluvium of other causes, women report more noticeable hair loss than men, and the condition may make underlying mild androgenic alopecia more obvious.
Teaching Puberty for LGBTQIA + Diversity, Inclusion, and Beyond: A New Model of Expansive Pubertal Understanding
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
The above highlights how notions of normative physical pubertal development, which has considerable shared overlapping processes, is learned to be perceived and experienced as atypical by anyone who does not perfectly match the model which, in actuality, is just about everyone. Traditionally gendered girls and boys themselves will naturally show characteristics of the “opposite” sex and experience the development of those characteristics with worry and psychological stress in part due to the learned misunderstandings of sex as well as the norms of gender. We know that most all girls grow extensive body hair, up to 70% of boys experience breast development (Lee & Houk, 2008), everyone’s voices will deepen. While these changes are normative, they are perceived and experienced as abnormal as they were learned as physical indicators of the “wrong” sex. The pressures to maintain the differential by gender appearance norms are paramount, and work with misconceptions regarding biology to strengthen these negative experiences.
Development and validation of nomograms for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a retrospective study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Shanshan Li, Jinlan Li, Qingxiu Ai, Huichun Liu
Blood androgen levels were able to predict adverse perinatal outcomes in multivariable analyses. Previous studies (de Wilde et al. 2017) have observed that women with hyperandrogenic PCOS experienced a significant increase in the rate of pregnancy complications, such as SGA. This suggests that hyperandrogenism itself maybe play an essential role in the aetiology of pregnancy-related diseases. Other findings (Koster et al. 2015) suggest that placenta morphology is frequently abnormal in patients with hyperandrogenism PCOS. Moreover, excess androgens may impair decidual trophoblast infiltration and lead to both macroscopic and microscopic placental alterations, cervical remodelling and changes in myometrial function (Palomba et al. 2012; Sun et al. 2012; Palomba et al. 2013; Palomba et al. 2014). Hyperandrogenemia is linked to severe metabolic dysfunction (such as obesity and insulin resistance) in patients with PCOS and may also partly contribute to the risk of neonatal disease. Thus, our findings indicate that androgen independently influences disease risk. Additionally, hyperandrogenemia likely increases the chance of perinatal disease in women with PCOS before pregnancy. Excess body hair is a signal of hyperandrogenemia. The modified Ferriman-Gallwey Score system is also suitable to evaluate hirsutism in Asian women, which is also a reliable predictor of perinatal disease.
To Shave or Not to Shave: Exploring Pubic Hair Removal among College Students
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
Whether it involves women shaving their underarms, legs, and bikini line, or plucking their eyebrows, or men shaving their chest, back, or arm hair, body hair removal is extremely common for both men and women in Western cultures (Basow, 1991; Ramsey et al., 2009; Tiggemann & Hodgson, 2008; Tiggemann & Kenyon 1998; Toerien et al., 2005). The discussion of “Brazilian” bikini waxes (removal of all or most of the pubic hair using a special wax) in both research and popular media, as well as the prevalence of pornography depicting hairless pubic regions, raised awareness of how common pubic hair removal is, especially among women (Fahs, 2014; Labre, 2002; Li & Braun, 2017; Ramsey et al., 2009; Vannier et al., 2014). Pubic hair removal appears to be part of the norm for grooming routines, as well as an expectation.