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Hair and hairy scalp
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Three types of hair occur in humans: Lanugo hair is the soft silky hair that covers the foetus in utero. It is usually shed before birth.Vellus hair is the short fine unpigmented hair which covers the whole skin surface apart from the palms and soles.Terminal hair is longer, coarser, and pigmented. Before puberty, terminal hair is restricted to the scalp, eyebrows and eyelashes. After puberty, secondary terminal hair develops in response to androgens on the beard area, in the axillae, pubic area and on the front of the chest in men.
Trichoscopy I: Non-Cicatricial Alopecia
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Anna Waśkiel-Burnat, Lidia Rudnicka
Hair shaft thickness heterogeneity, also known as “anisotrichosis”), is the most common trichoscopic feature of androgenetic alopecia [3, 4]. It results from progressive miniaturization of hair follicles. Thus, terminal hairs are replaced by vellus hairs. For male pattern hair loss, hair diameter variability > 20% been considered as characteristic [5, 6]. In female pattern hair loss, hair diameter variability > 10% is major diagnostic criteria [2].
Hair and nail disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
This is the name given to the complaint of excessive terminal hair growth in women. When hirsuitism is accompanied by acne, early pattern alopecia, and menstrual irregularities, tests for masculinization and polycystic ovary syndrome should be performed. Removal of facial hair is usually by depilatories, waxing, electrolysis, or with intense pulse light, alexandrite, or diode laser systems.
Adnexal squamous cell carcinoma: incidence of eyelid margin involvement
Published in Orbit, 2023
Alison H. Watson, Sabah Akbani, Natalie Homer, Marie Somogyi, Vikram Durairaj
The eyelash follicle differs from other hair follicles in many ways. Notably, they are terminal hair follicles unlike the surrounding vellus follicles that are able to produce fully pigmented and medullated hair shafts.9 Unlike vellus hairs, they do not have arrector pili muscle and they are independent of sex hormones. Therefore, they are the darkest in the human body and the last to turn gray.9 There are limited identified studies of the lash follicle cycle in comparison to vellus hairs.9,13 One assessment postulated that the turnover cycle of these follicles is much longer than the vellus hairs.13 The predilection of SCC to develop along the marginal versus non-marginal eyelid may be a consequence of differences in the duration of the lash follicle life cycle, as this can influence the likelihood of malignant transformation.6,7
An evaluation of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hirsutism
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Leila Asfour, Ahmed Kazmi, Rodney Sinclair
Hirsutism is defined as excessive growth of terminal hair in androgen-sensitive sites in a woman. It is crucial to take into consideration a patient’s ethnic background and potential cultural influences on their self-perception of hirsutism. There is a discordance between clinician assessment and patient perception of degree of hirsutism. Ensure you have reviewed for any underlying causes of hyperandrogenism. The commonest cause for hirsutism is PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism. It can be associated with severe psychosocial morbidity impacting on patients’ quality of life and relationships. A multimodal approach for optimal treatment is required combining medical with physical therapies. Pharmacotherapy in hirsutism will continue to evolve as we gain increasing experience in the use of anti-androgens. However, currently there is low-level evidence informing our use of the available treatments, predominantly due to poor study design.
Randomized trial of electrodynamic microneedling combined with 5% minoxidil topical solution for treating androgenetic alopecia in Chinese males and molecular mechanistic study of the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Linlin Bao, Haifeng Zong, Sining Fang, Lixiong Zheng, Yuanhong Li
In the present clinical trial, changes in hair density and hair diameter in AGA patients from before to after treatment were observed through objective evaluation. The combination treatment group showed the best treatment efficacy. After treatment, hair loss at the top of the head of the volunteers was significantly improved, and the hair density was significantly increased. During the 6 months of follow-up, only a small amount of regenerated hair was lost in most patients who received the combination treatment. During treatment, the treatment efficacy regarding hair loss at the top of the head was better than that for frontal hair loss, and with a shorter duration of hair loss, the treatment outcome improved. There were no significant differences in the densities of terminal hair, vellus hair, and total hair before and after the treatment between the microneedling only treatment group and the minoxidil only treatment group, while the difference in the average diameter of terminal hair between the two groups was significant. Treating AGA using topical minoxidil has been shown to significantly increase the terminal hair diameter (16), which is consistent with the results of the present study. The vellus hair density in each treatment group decreased after treatment, but the total hair density was significantly increased in groups 1 and 3. The reason may be that the treatment promoted growth from vellus hair to terminal hair.