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Diseases of the Hair
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Rodney Sinclair, Wei-Liang Koh
Men should be instructed to either shave or not. When shaving, they should use a four or five bladed razor, adequately wet the beard, and shave in all directions. They should not alternate between an electric razor or depilatory and should shave more than once a week.
Preparation Before Labor
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Daniele Di Mascio, Leen Al-Hafez
There is no supportive level 1 evidence for routine perineal shaving (shaving with a razor) for women prior to or in labor. In a very old trial, 389 women were alternately allocated to receive either skin preparation and perineal shaving or clipping of vulvar hair only. In the second old trial, which included 150 participants, perineal shaving was compared with the cutting of long hairs for procedures only. In the third trial, 500 women were randomly allocated to shaving of perineal area or cutting of perineal hair. Compared to no shaving, shaving was associated with a similar incidence of maternal febrile morbidity (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.73–1.76), perineal wound infection (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.80–2.70), and perineal wound dehiscence (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.01–8.00). In the smaller trial, fewer women who had not been shaved had gram-negative bacterial colonization compared with women who had been shaved (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.92). There were no differences in maternal satisfaction immediately after birth [46]. The potential for complications (redness, multiple superficial scratches, burning and itching of the vulva, and embarrassment and discomfort afterward when the hair grows back), which often occur later, suggests that shaving should not be part of routine clinical practice. The first two trials are old (1922 and 1965) and included the clipping of long hairs in their control groups to aid in operative procedures, which is itself usually unnecessary and can lead to complications.
Meeting personal needs: hygiene
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
For many men, being clean shaven is important and being unable to self-care in this way would be distressing. In addition, families visiting can be upset to find the person unshaven if they are usually clean shaven, and would view such a lack of care as neglectful, leading to a loss of confidence in staff. For some people shaving may be hazardous. For example, individuals receiving anti-coagulant or chemotherapy medication can be at risk of bleeding from minor cuts, so it is safer to use an electric razor rather than carrying out a wet shave.
Rib osteochondral graft for scaphoid proximal pole reconstruction
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Tomoyuki Koike, Naoki Kato, Kenta Saito, Kenichi Kokubo, Jiro Maegawa
Next, preservation or reconstruction of the scapholunate ligament is common. However, this still depends on the extent of osteonecrosis. There is no unified view on whether reconstruction should be performed. Using a cadaver model, Capito [12] reported that after complete dissection of the scapholunate ligament, the extension of the scaphoid with a 4-mm spacer restored alignment without ligament repair. This suggests that if the scaphoid can be reconstructed slightly longer, ligament reconstruction may not be necessary. Although it is possible to maintain the carpal alignment by reconstructing the scaphoid slightly longer, the progression of osteoarthritis due to the increased load remains a concern. However, in our cases, the alignments were maintained, and none had progression to osteoarthritis. Because of the thickness of the rib cartilage, shaving may not be a problem. Reconstruction of the scaphoid using rib osteochondral autografts may be a solution without ligament reconstruction.
To Shave or Not to Shave: Exploring Pubic Hair Removal among College Students
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
The common use of a razor for hair removal is cited as a major reason for such negative consequences ranging from minor complications to more serious injuries leading to visits to health care providers or the hospital. Butler et al. (2015) found genital itching was most common, but genital cuts were also commonly reported and almost half reported genital rash and pain after shaving. Participants in a study by Riddell et al. (2010) noted complications, including razor burns, ingrown hairs, rashes and bacterial infections. DeMaria et al. (2014) noted skin irritations and an increase in bacterial and viral infections. They found 60% of women reported at least one complication due to pubic hair removal. Further, they found that only 4% sought a health care provider or discussed their concerns (DeMaria et al., 2014). Correlations between pubic hair shaving and more serious health issues have also been explored. For example, one study found that women who completely shave their pubic hair show more correlation with developing vulvar dysplasia and cancer. A possible explanation for this may be that shaving the genitals leads to an increased risk of inflammation (Schild-Suhren et al., 2017).
Extracting the elasticity of the human skin in microscale and in-vivo from atomic force microscopy experiments using viscoelastic models
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Sahba Iravanimanesh, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Fereshteh Jafarbeglou, Mohammad Mahjoob, Mojtaba Azadi
The skin surface at the micro scale looks like an uneven moving surface due to motion of the skin due to heart beat, small ridges that form the fingerprint, sweat pores, wrinkles (Schultz et al. 2018) and hair follicles. The viscoelastic models, however, are derived for a flat and fixed materials. The motion of the skin due to heart beep was addressed by using a combination of using a high indentation speed of 40 n = 10 many experiments were conducted at each location and also on different locations on fingertip. The unnormal force-indentation curves, caused by indenting on ridges that form fingerprint, wrinkles, sweat pores, were removed. For testing other body sites where hair grows, hair can be either removed or clipped to provide access to a small area of skin about 2 × 2 mm. Shaving scrape the skin and remove some of the cells from SC layer. The plucking result in local skin inflammation. As a result, shaving or plucking the hairs might change the skin mechanics and thus are not recommended for removing hairs before the tests.