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Granulomatous Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Albert Alhatem, Robert A. Schwartz, Muriel W. Lambert, W. Clark Lambert
Clinical manifestations: Lesions may arise with stunning rapidity, primarily on the lower extremity, and consist of necrotic sites that rapidly expand (Figure 18.9). Somewhat smaller lesions may also arise elsewhere. Lesions characteristically consist of sharply defined areas of black skin that are painless and that subsequently ulcerate.
Patterns of Injury
Published in Mansoor Khan, David Nott, Fundamentals of Frontline Surgery, 2021
Danyal Magnus, Katherine A. Brown, Mansoor Khan, William G. Proud
Energy absorption in the skin is not a simple process; reflectivity and light absorption vary with wavelength. For high-temperature sources (4000 K), white skin will reflect 40% of the incident visible light incident upon it. The 60% energy absorbed can penetrate deeply and is absorbed through a thickness of 2.0 mm. Black skin reflects less and absorbs strongly in the outer melanin-containing layer, concentrating energy in a relatively small volume. This means that white skin is less susceptible to thermal heat flashes. It must also be added that white skin rates poorly compared to black skin in relation to ultraviolet-induced skin cancer for precisely the same reason – the depth of light penetration.
Eczema (dermatitis)
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
In patients with black skin, there are often numerous small follicular papules in affected areas. In lichenified areas in black-skinned patients, there may be irregular pigmentation, with hyperpigmentation at some sites and loss of pigment at others.
Bounded Justice, Inclusion, and the Hyper/Invisibility of Race in Precision Medicine
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
We can also look to Frantz Fanon (Fanon 2008), who famously discussed both invisibility and hypervisibility as key aspects of racialization in his book Black Skin White Masks. He examined how colonized persons are made invisible in French society, but also called out and made hyper-visible in daily interactions through comments on their speech and appearance. In analyzing the scene of Fanon being called out as a “Negro” on the street by a white French child, scholar Newell describes this as “politics of visibility”, where, “[i]n an instant Fanon is positioned within an archive of colonialist images…each racially (re)marked body is abducted from its own distinctive time and place…While the whiteness of the mother and child lingers behind them like a shadow, failing to mark them (Newell 2009, 243).” Racialization, specifically Blackness, happens through this marking and this hyper-visibility.
Twelve tips for incorporating migrant and ethnic minorities in the medical curriculum and healthcare
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
Naila Chohan, Zahra Arzoky, Naairah Khan
If health disparities are to be mitigated from an early stage, examinations with a focus of people of colour should be formally taught and assessed. As medical students, we are astounded by the lack of focus on the appearance of clinical signs in minority group patients, such as the basics of identifying cyanosis in black skin had not been formally taught. This can be incorporated through the use of ethnically diverse simulated patients, mannequins of various skin tones and the incorporation of migrant and ethnic minority health inequalities in written examinations. Further to this, OSCEs can be developed with ethnically diverse patients in mind, such as stations with a focus on recognising skin conditions in darker skins or communication stations to assess how well medical students can interact with patients with a language or cultural barrier. OSCE stations can also include scenarios which are all too frequent with minority group physicians and medical students–how to address and challenge racist patients in a professional manner. We are aware that certain medical schools in areas of low diversity may face difficulty recruiting ethnically diverse simulated patients, however, best efforts by medical schools should be made i.e. through offering travel costs, accommodation to facilitate widening participation.
Fanon’s Decolonial Transcendence of Psychoanalysis
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2021
Nelson Maldonado-Torres, Mireille Fanon Mendès France, Shahnaaz Suffla, Mohamed Seedat, Kopano Ratele
Black Skin, White Masks does not focus on language and love as abstract universals, but as they are experienced in the lives of Black subjects in a fundamentally colonial and antiblack world. By doing this, the text introduces a decolonial turn in psychology, philosophy, and the human sciences, which includes an expansion of the meaning and significance of racism, antiblackness, coloniality, racial disalienation, and decolonization. Black Skin, White Masks demonstrates that racialization and coloniality are not only sociopolitical issues, but also metaphysical ones, in the sense that they take place at the level of the very generation of human reality. Put differently, Fanon demonstrates that coloniality and racism radically transform the open-ended web of interrelationality that is at the core of the instability of the human, turning it into a place of racially based annihilation, self-denial, and sexual violence. This could be referred to as a form of metaphysical catastrophe (Maldonado-Torres, 2016a, 2017a, 2019, 2021), one that, through the force of the gun, the knife, conquests, invasions, systematic murder and rape, hegemonic cultural production, skewed conceptions of the medical profession, and the lethal benevolence and sometimes rampant racism of the “liberal arts and sciences,” among vast other means, radically disrupts the basic coordinates of human reality and imposes itself as the new norm.