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CT Perspective of Normal Cardiovascular Anatomy
Published in Paul Schoenhagen, Frank Dong, Cardiac CT Made Easy, 2023
The strength of volumetric 3-D CT imaging is that image processing allows reformation in unlimited planes not specified at the time of data acquisition. This is critically important for cardiac imaging, because most cardiac axes are oblique to the axial plane. Interactive computer workstations allow the user to place orthogonal planes through the data set, creating sagittal and coronal images. Further manipulation of the reformatted plane provides oblique images following the orientation of cardiac structures, e.g. the LV or the aortic root. In addition, curved planes that follow the course of tortuous vessels, e.g. the coronary arteries, can be created automatically or by tracing the path of the vessel on the original axial images. The resulting curved image displays the 3-D course of the vessel. However, the surrounding anatomy is sometimes distorted in these images.
Alternative Imaging Techniques for Endometriosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
Flora Daley, Amreen Shakur, Susan J. Freeman
Axial T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) is acquired in the axial plane through the pelvis. Both fat and blood products demonstrate high signal intensity on T1WI. Axial fat saturated T1WI is also acquired, as it is the most sensitive sequence for the detection of foci of blood products. On T1WI with fat saturation, endometriomas and endometriotic deposits containing blood products within the pelvis become even higher signal intensity, against the low signal intensity pelvic fat, improving lesion detection.
Computed Tomography Imaging in Radiotherapy
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
The terminology used in CT imaging is manufacturer dependent. Table 32.1 gives the definitions of some current terms, including various associated nomenclatures commonly used. According to the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard (see Section 49.4.2), the longitudinal axis (parallel to the CT table) is the CT z-axis. The CT x–y plane is the axial plane or scan plane. Information on patient orientation and coordinate systems is given in Sections 32.3.2 and 32.3.3. Scan protocols, created during CT commissioning, contain several parameters, including those listed in Table 32.1.
Normative lacrimal gland dimensions by magnetic resonance imaging in an Australian cohort
Published in Orbit, 2023
Khizar Rana, Valerie Juniat, Sandy Patel, Dinesh Selva
Patients were evaluated using a Magnetom 3 T Skyra scanner (Siemens, Germany) with a conventional turbo spin-echo sequence (TR/TE, 500/15; field of view, 200x200mm; matrix, 512 x 512; slice thickness 3 mm). Contrast-enhanced images were obtained after intravenous administration of standard weight-based dose of gadolinium. Axial scans were obtained parallel to the optic nerve which was standardised across all patients’ scans. Coronal scans were perpendicular to the axial plane. The lacrimal gland was visualised in the axial and coronal planes. The coronal length was measured from the most superior to inferior tip of the lacrimal gland. The coronal width was measured perpendicular to the coronal length from the medial to the lateral edge of the lacrimal gland (Figure 1a). The axial length was defined as the distance from the most posterior to anterior tip of the lacrimal gland. The axial width was the distance from the medial to lateral edge of the lacrimal gland, perpendicular to the axial width (Figure 1b). All measurements were performed on a high-resolution picture archiving and communication system (PACS).
Difference in cochlear length between male and female patients
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2022
Ashley Baguant, Anthony Cole, Antoine Vilotitch, Raphaele Quatre, Sebastien Schmerber
In our cohort, we included all adults over 18 years old, who underwent a temporal bone CT scan in our tertiary medical center between October 2014 and January 2020, whatever the medical reason. CT scans which demonstrated any type of cochlear anatomical malformation were excluded from the study. All scans were performed using a 40-section spiral CT scanner (Philips 40; Philips Healthcare®) with the following parameters: 0.5 mm collimation, 0.27 incrementation, 0.375 pitch, 0.55 mm section thickness, 140 kV, 300 mA, a 90 cm field of view and a 1024 × 1024 matrix. The initial data sets were then reconstructed at 0.2 mm intervals with iterative reconstructions. Both sides were reconstructed separately in the axial plane. We used the XERO Viewer 8.1.2 Software (AGFA Health Care Enterprise Imaging) to perform multiplanar reconstructions.
The efficacy of Schroth exercises combined with the Chêneau brace for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a retrospective controlled study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Ming-Qiao Fang, Xiao-Li Huang, Wei Wang, Yu-An Li, Guang-Heng Xiang, Guang-Kui Yan, Chen-Rong Ke, Cheng-Huang Mao, Zong-Yi Wu, Tian-Long Pan, Rui-Bo Zhu, Jian Xiao, Xian-Hong Yi
The present study has a few limitations. First, this was not a RCT. Before treatment, we informed the patients of the possible differences between the two treatment methods, and the patients chose the treatment method according to their understanding. There was a substantial influence on HRQoL responses from patients’ prior exposure to comments about treatment methods and knowledge of the disorder. Although our standardized method of interviewing patients before the treatment reduces these influences, we were unable to control individual patients’ prior exposure to scoliosis from other channels. In addition, compliance with treatment was monitored using therapy logbooks to record wearing time, subject to observer and recall biases. We are developing a brace combined with pressure sensors that can reliably estimate hours of brace wearing and record the HRQoL at different brace durations using software. Finally, vertebral rotation was not evaluated in the present study. Changes in the axial plane should be evaluated in future studies, as the coronal and sagittal profiles are coupled to the axial plane.