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Foot and ankle radiology
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
The foot is imaged in an oblique axial plane through the long axis of the metatarsal bone. The coronal plane is imaged perpendicular to the oblique axial images and the sagittal plane is obtained to cover the medial and the lateral malleoli (Figure 22.1). Obtaining a mixture of T1- and T2-weighted images in at least two orthogonal planes are useful to evaluate the anatomy of the foot and ankle. Proton Density (PD) fat saturated sequences are useful for the assessment of the articular cartilage. The Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) and T2-weighted fat saturated sequences accentuate fluid, which is seen in most pathologies such as oedema, tenosynovitis and joint effusion (Figure 22.1).
Ultrasound in Assisted Reproductive Technology: Anatomy and Core Examination Skills
Published in Arianna D'Angelo, Nazar N. Amso, Ultrasound in Assisted Reproduction and Early Pregnancy, 2020
Similarly, when the transducer is held in a manner whereby the beam is directed in the plane running from the right to the left side of the patient, a coronal view is only obtained when the beam is parallel to the anterior or posterior abdominal walls along the long axis of the body (Figure 1.3). When it is angled either anteriorly toward the abdominal wall or posteriorly toward the rectum, it becomes angled at an oblique angle. The term transverse plane is often used interchangeably with the term coronal plane. This, in principle, is both inaccurate and misleading, as an anatomical transverse plane bisects the body into superior and inferior portions, which clearly does not happen during TVS [7].
Fibroid Preoperative Imaging: Ultrasound
Published in Botros R.M.B. Rizk, Yakoub Khalaf, Mostafa A. Borahay, Fibroids and Reproduction, 2020
Nicole Catherine Michel, Shima Albasha, Botros R.M.B. Rizk
Saline infusion sonohysterography (SIS) should be considered if US is not sufficiently helpful, or in the case of medical treatment failure. SIS has become a fundamental instrument, particularly in the assessment of cavity distortion caused by fibroids. This method involves injecting a small amount of saline into the uterine cavity via a uterine cannula. Following introduction of saline into the uterine cavity, US can delineate submucous myomas and indicate the proximity of intramural myomas to the endometrial cavity [15]. Studies have shown SIS to be useful in preoperative assessment, given that SIS can provide further information on size and location of submucosal fibroids in comparison with conventional US [16]. This is especially important, seeing as an exemplary preoperative assessment leads to a more accurate resection of fibroids. If a fibroid impinges on the cavity, then assessment is made of what percentage of the lesion projects into the cavity, and its degree of infiltration into the myometrium. Submucosal fibroids can then be categorized as type 0, 1, or 2 in terms of their extent of cavity distortion according to the classification system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) [17]. Three-dimensional scanning can be performed together with SIS to provide the additional coronal plane for further diagnostic accuracy.
Normative orbital measurements in an Australian cohort on computed tomography
Published in Orbit, 2023
Khizar Rana, Valerie Juniat, Wen Yong, Sandy Patel, Dinesh Selva
The superior oblique muscle was measured on a coronal plane perpendicular to the muscle belly. The inferior oblique was measured on a coronal plane and a quasi-sagittal plane parallel to the orbital axis, below the centre of the inferior rectus tendon. Similarly, by using high-resolution CT orbit studies, we were able to reconstruct the quasi-sagittal plane and measure the inferior oblique muscle under the centre of the inferior rectus tendon. Previous MRI studies measuring the inferior oblique muscle have used quasi-sagittal sequences with a higher 2–3 mm slice thickness.16,17 A 2–3 mm slice thickness would make standardisation of the slice under the inferior rectus tendon less reliable. Additionally, dedicated quasi-sagittal MRI sequences are not widely available and are limited to specific indications.18
Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Elina V. Heikkinen, Ville Vuollo, Virpi Harila, Antanas Sidlauskas, Tuomo Heikkinen
We also developed a new method for measuring chin asymmetry from the facial 3D model. We divided the chin area into two solid figures and calculated their volumes (Figure 1). Asymmetry is quantified by the ratio of these volumes in a similar way as was done by Meyer-Marcotty et al. [41] for measuring cranial asymmetry in their study. First, the chin region is separated from the face by two planes so that the planes close the region. The one plane is parallel to the coronal plane (XY plane) and goes through the posterior exoncanthion point, and the other goes through labiale inferius and is parallel to the transverse plane (XZ plane). This closed 3D object is then divided into two parts by the sagittal plane, and the volume for these parts is calculated. Chin volume asymmetry score (CVAS) is defined as the larger volume divided by the smaller one. The distance of the pogonion landmark from the sagittal plane was also calculated to quantify the chin asymmetry.
Effect of foam densification and impact velocity on the performance of a football helmet using computational modeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Samuel T. Mills, Trevor S. Young, Lillian S. Chatham, Sourav Poddar, R. Dana Carpenter, Christopher M. Yakacki
Simulations of the helmet model were performed in LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation) (LS-DYNA 2020). One benefit of these models and the software is that they use a linearly interpolated elastic modulus which allows for independent simulation of loading and unloading curves, which will be exploited later in this study (Kostopoulos et al. 2002). For this study, side and rear impacts were considered only, as these are commonly observed and studied impact location (Figure 1) (Lessley et al. 2018). The orientation of the helmet and trajectory of the impactor head were not altered and were designed to match NFL testing standards. For side impact, the headform was oriented +7 degrees from the transverse plane with respect to the nose of the headform and rotated −90 degrees (90 degrees counter clockwise) about an axis running vertically through the center of gravity of the head model. The linear impactor was directed along the coronal plane. For rear impact simulations the head form was oriented +7 degrees from the transverse plane with respect to the nose of the model and rotated −180 degrees with respect to an axis running vertically through the center of gravity of the head model. The linear impactor was directed on the midsagittal plane of the headform. In both cases the linear impactor was maintained in a horizontal position +64 mm from the transverse plane which passes through the center of gravity of the headform (NOCSAE 2013).