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Physiological considerations for Para athletes
Published in Nima Dehghansai, Ross A. Pinder, Joe Baker, Talent Development in Paralympic Sport: Researcher and practitioner perspectives, 2023
Peta Maloney, Jamie Stanley, Ben Stephenson, Robert Pritchett, Gary Brickley
Despite significant damage to autonomic function arising from a SCI, exercise can improve physiological function. Indeed, trained individuals with a SCI exhibit improved exercise (Hoffman, 1986) and respiratory capacity (Gee et al., 2019) compared to untrained individuals. These adaptations highlight that although the systemic effects of a SCI remain significant, the functional and physiological limitations identified during initial talent identification processes may show some improvement with training.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Autonomic neuropathy is a peripheral nerve disorder, but with the autonomic fibers being disproportionately involved. The most common autonomic neuropathies accompany peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, or autoimmune conditions. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy is a common, serious complication of diabetes. There is an increased risk for cardiovascular problems, which can be fatal. Approximately 20% of patients with autonomic neuropathy have abnormal cardiovascular autonomic function. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy may be an isolated disease, or coexist with other peripheral neuropathies as well as other complications of diabetes.
Structural Integration
Published in David Lesondak, Angeli Maun Akey, Fascia, Function, and Medical Applications, 2020
The various body tissues routinely targeted by manual therapy, including SI, have a large density of sensory nerve endings that directly inform the interoceptive parts of the central nervous system. In addition to scanning for data about depth, direction, pressure, and stretch, the interoceptive aspect of the sensory nervous system is especially aware of the emotional quality of what receiving touch from this person, in this body region, in this context is like. The combination of slow, respectful touch, novel movement interventions, and interactive dialogue facilitates change in the body’s interoceptive signaling.13 This can help affect change in autonomic functions like heart rate, respiratory rate, stress-related inflammatory responses, and spinal cord-driven muscle hypertonicity.16 Other wide-ranging nervous system responses could include changes in motivation, memory, emotion, pain, and self-awareness. The client’s engagement with the caring and thorough manual and movement work of SI can help update the lived experience of one’s body in part or in whole, while facilitating global changes in somatic awareness, agency, autonomic self-regulation, and body-mind integration.
The effect of oral contraceptive use on sympatic nerve activity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Recep Emre Okyay, Buket Çetintaş, Aslı Akdöner, İbrahim Öztura, Gaye Eryaşar Yildirim, Erkan Çağliyan, Onur Yavuz, Ali Rıza Şişman
In a study investigating whether there is a change in autonomic dysfunction according to PCOS phenotypes, classical anovulatory PCOS, ovulatory PCOS and control groups were compared in terms of clinical, metabolic and hormone profile. The resting heart rate variability was found to be similar between the groups. And the heart rate variability as a result of sympathetic stimulation given by mental stress indicated decreased autonomic function in the classical PCOS phenotype [8]. In our study, when the cases were examined in four different groups according to PCOS phenotypes, no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of sympathetic skin response and R-R analysis parameters. This situation was thought to be due to the decrease in the number of patients in the group distribution. The significant difference between age and MAP is an expected result. Because it is expected that PCOS patients are younger. Since the sympathetic activity is higher in these women, it can be expected that the arterial pressure will also be higher. These findings support that there is increased sympathetic activity in women with PCOS.
Photoperiod-induced alterations in biomarkers of oxidative stress and biochemical pathways in rats of different ages: Focus on individual physiological reactivity
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Natalia Kurhaluk, Halyna Tkachenko, Oleksandr Lukash
Animal experiments have shown the leading role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous regulation in controlling pancreatic secretion depending on the time of day and metabolic status. Buijs et al. (2001) studied the role for the suprachiasmatic nucleus and other hypothalamic centers that are involved in the regulation of food intake and showed a direct association between behavioral and autonomic functions. The second-order neurons in both vagal and sympathetic control of the pancreas contain neuropeptides that are known to play a role in nutrition, while the observation of third-order neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamus shows the modulatory action of the time of the day and metabolic state, respectively. The authors proposed hypotheses about the high level of interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the nervous system involved in the direct association between behavioral and autonomic functions. Moreover, it has been reported that the autonomic nervous system is one of the essential factors that regulate pancreatic regeneration and stimulate carcinogenesis (Kiba 2004).
Diseases which cause generalized peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Bodil Roth, Danielle Bernadette Schiro, Bodil Ohlsson
To objectively diagnose neuropathy, a panel of functional tests and circulating autoantibodies need to be performed and analyzed [18,29,43]. Roughly, the autonomic function tests can be divided into tests of cardiac parasympathetic nervous system function (heart-rate variability and response tests), sympathetic adrenergic function (blood pressure response tests) and sympathetic cholinergic function (thermoregulation, sweat, sudomotor and sympathetic skin response tests) [18,29]. Tissue biopsies are relevant to diagnose deposits such as amyloid fibrils [35,36] and α-synuclein [27,40,41]. Skin biopsies are relevant to define intra-epidermal nerve fiber density, i.e., SNF [8], whereas nerve conduction velocity studies demonstrate large-fiber neuropathy [30]. A full-thickness biopsy and measurement of intestinal motility are necessary to diagnose enteric dysmotility [17]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may describe alterations in the central nervous system [23] but is of no use to describe damages in the enteric nervous system [63].