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Upper Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo
Anconeus originates via a tendon from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts onto the lateral surface of the olecranon and the posterior surface of the proximal ulnar shaft (Standring 2016).
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Qin Li Jiang
Congenital MG (see below): Long history of symptoms (often from infancy or childhood) with gradual progression.AChR or anti-MuSK antibodies are absent.May have a positive family history.May have characteristic findings on NCS (repetitive CMAP in slow channel syndrome or acetylcholinesterase deficiency).Requires genetic testing or specialized electrophysiologic testing on intercostal or anconeus muscle.Not responsive to immunotherapies.
Surgery of the Elbow
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Alan Salih, David Butt, Deborah Higgs
This approach respects the nerve supply to anconeus (an important contributor to elbow stability): this is a distal branch of the radial nerve which crosses the interval between the distal border of the lateral head of triceps and the proximal border of anconeus. Dissection within the lateral head of triceps is to be avoided. The triceps is split between the nerve and blood supply to the long head (a segmental branch can occur very distally) and the nerve to the lateral head, both derived from the radial nerve. The deep head nerve supply is more proximal and is out of the surgical field. The ulnar nerve is protected by keeping dissection lateral and then deep to the long head of the triceps, using the muscular bulk as a protection for the nerve (Figure 7.13).
Hand functionality in dentists: the effect of anthropometric dimensions and specialty
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Mahnaz Saremi, Sajjad Rostamzadeh, Mahmoud Nasr Esfahani
In line with previous studies, a gender effect was clearly confirmed on hand strength outcomes; male dentists always being stronger than females [18]. The behavior of surface electromyography (EMG) power spectra was previously found to be significantly different between male and female for the triceps brachii, anconeus and biceps brachii muscles across force levels of 10–80% of the maximal voluntary contraction. Skinfold thickness and fiber-type properties, particularly in terms of fiber size, were stated as reasons for this gender effect [39]. In agreement with the literature, measured hand anthropometric dimensions were larger in males than in females [18,40,41]. Work experience is another factor modulating dentists’ hand functionality. We observed that longer clinical experience is associated with lower hand strength outcomes. Several reasons could account for this finding. The increase in work experience is nearly linear with aging, which is negatively related with physical strength. In addition, the longer the years of clinical work, the longer the exposure time to various biomechanical risk factors of MSDs and the greater the risk of the WMSDs becoming persistent [3,8,11].
A case of metallosis after total elbow arthroplasty
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2019
Takuto Nozaki, Takuji Iwamoto, Taku Suzuki, Noboru Matsumura, Kazuki Sato, Masaya Nakamura, Morio Matsumoto
Surgery was performed in the lateral decubitus position through a posterior approach to the elbow joint as in the initial surgery. Once the subcutaneous tissue was dissected, significant bulging of the dark tissue was observed in the subfascial layer of the triceps brachii. The triceps was split at the midline, and the anconeus muscle was incised from the proximal ulna. When the joint was opened, we observed a black clay-like lesion that had expanded in the joint (Figure 4). Although mild deformity and abrasion were observed in the anterolateral portion of the polyethylene insert, there was no abrasion or defect on the surface of the metal implant on macroscopic observation. The black clay-like lesion was resected, revealing osteolysis in the distal humerus, but there was no apparent loosening of the humeral stem (Figure 5). Therefore, we considered that removal of the stem was unnecessary. In addition, as this patient was relatively young, we decided to select an unlinked TEA again instead of a linked TEA. A new humeral condylar component was fixed with cement, and the ulnar implant with suspected poor rotational alignment was replaced with a new implant. The wound was closed and a splint was applied with the elbow in 90° flexion. Active-assisted elbow motion was initiated two weeks after surgery. An above-elbow removable splint was applied at 90° flexion for six weeks.
Therapeutic Effect of Resection, Prosthetic Replacement and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for the Treatment of Mason Type III Radial Head Fracture
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Hong-Wei Chen, Jia-Liang Tian, Yong-Zhao Zhang
The prosthetic replacement group: the patient was placed in a supine position and underwent brachial plexus anesthesia or general anesthesia. A tourniquet was used to exsanguinate the forearm, and then a pneumatic tourniquet was applied. A longitudinal arc incision was made along the posterolateral elbow joint to dissect the skin and subcutaneous tissue layer by layer into the muscle space between the anconeus and the extensor carpi ulnaris. After this, the articular capsule and annular ligament were incised, and the comminuted radial head was taken out after the fractured radial head was exposed. Osteotomy of the radial head was conducted, and the type of artificial radial head was selected. Reaming was performed, and then the stub end of the radial head was filed flat and smooth, and put into the test mold. After being adjusted to the appropriate angle, the radial head was restored. Next, the flexion-extension and rotational stability of the articulation humeroradialis were checked to ensure they were in good condition. After the test mold was taken out, a suitable artificial radial head was inserted to re-inspect the flexion-extension, internal and external inversion and spin function of the articulatio humeroradialis. During surgery, the brachial cubital and brachioradial ligaments were stabilized using suture and suture anchor fixation. Instrument gauze was counted carefully and the incision was rinsed repeatedly. After the annular ligament of the radial head was repaired, a drain was inserted and sutured layer by layer. The Acumed anatomic humeral head prosthesis (Acumed, Hillsboro, OR, USA) was used in the group.