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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Kopuz et al. (1999) report a left foot in which there were multiple accessory muscles present in association with the normal abductor digiti minimi. Abductor ossis metatarsi digiti quinti arose from the lateral process of the calcaneus and inserted onto the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal. A “distal belly” was present extending between the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal and the lateral aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of digit five. Lastly, a medial accessory muscle was present extending between the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the base of the fifth metatarsal.
Foot and ankle radiology
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
MRI is the investigation of choice for Baxter neuropathy. T1-weighted imaging will show atrophy and fatty infiltration of the abductor digiti minimi. This is often accompanied by neurogenic oedema, which manifests as high SI on T2-weighted imaging of the abductor digiti minimi and less commonly the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae muscles (Figure 22.24).
Peripheral nerve disorders
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Michael Fox, David Warwick, H. Srinivasan
The patient complains of numbness and tingling in the little and the ulnar half of the ring finger; symptoms may be intermittent and related to specific elbow postures (e.g. they may appear only while the patient is lying down with the elbows flexed, or while reading or using a mobile phone – again with the elbows flexed). Initially there is little to see, but in late cases there may be weakness of grip, slight clawing, intrinsic muscle wasting and diminished sensibility in the ulnar nerve territory. Froment’s sign and weakness of abductor digiti minimi can often be demonstrated.
Concordance between the international standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury motor examination and needle electromyography findings in muscles with a motor power grade of zero or trace
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Sang Wan Lee, Kil-Byung Lim, Jiyong Kim, Hojin Lee, Ha Seong Kim, Jeehyun Yoo
An analysis of the consistency between the findings of the motor examination and needle EMG for each key muscle showed statistically significant results only for T1 (N = 13, k = 1.000, P < 0.0001), L2 (N = 25, k = 0.356, P = 0.019), and S1 (N = 30, k = 0.521, P = 0.004) key muscles, with T1 showing perfect agreement. These results indicate that it is difficult to accurately distinguish grade 0 from 1 in key muscles of the upper body, except in T1. Due to the more superficial anatomical position of the abductor digiti minimi muscle (i.e. the key muscle of T1), it is easier to detect contractions by the hand for this muscle than for other muscles, and examiners are less likely to feel the contractions of other muscles around it. For the lower extremities, L3 and L4 showed statistically nonsignificant results, possibly because spasticity can occur in individuals with incomplete tetraplegia or paraplegia, confounding the detection of voluntary contractions. Furthermore, 60% of individuals with SCI show spasticity, which is more pronounced in the lower than in the upper extremities.21,22
Factors associated with an excellent outcome after conservative treatment for patients with proximal cervical spondylotic amyotrophy using electrophysiological, neurological and radiological findings
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Yasuaki Imajo, Tsukasa Kanchiku, Hidenori Suzuki, Norihiro Nishida, Masahiro Funaba, Toshihiko Taguchi
We previously reported the outcomes, pathology, and preoperative factors for the surgical treatment of proximal cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) using compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) of the deltoid and biceps brachii muscles and central motor conduction time (CMCT).1,2 We suggested that patients with CMCT-abductor digiti minimi (ADM) values ≧ 6.8 ms have compressive cervical myelopathy, and those with CMCT-ADM values < 6.8 ms have only a ventral nerve root disorder.3 We therefore propose that cervical surgery should be performed in patients with CMCT-ADM values ≧6.8 ms. However, some patients with CMCT-ADM values ≧ 6.8 ms refused surgery, and some with CMCT-ADM values <6.8 ms did not recover full function. There have been few reports on the outcomes of conservative management for proximal CSA.4–8 It is still unclear how these patients recover shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. We collected data on patient age; duration of clinical history (DCH); and electrophysiological, radiological, and neurological findings. The purpose was to evaluate the predictive factors for an excellent outcome after conservative treatment in patients with proximal CSA using electrophysiological, radiological, and neurological findings.
Occupational ergonomic assessment of hand pain symptoms among Bagh hand block print artisans of the handicraft textile industry in Madhya Pradesh, India
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Rajat Kamble, Avinash Sahu, Sangeeta Pandit
The study investigated the prevalence of hand pain symptomseverity among the artisans in correlation with different demographic and work-related factors. It was found that every artisan reported at least one hand pain symptom in the palm’s abductor digiti minimi region, resulting from repeated hitting on the wooden hand block. This finding is consistent with previous studies involving WRMSDs and repetitive manual work [3,5,6,9,22–24], where the majority of the workers reported high rates of MSDs and pain, and reported that the combination of force and repetitive movement places workers at risk for musculoskeletal problems in the hand/wrist area. Of all the symptoms, a majority of artisans reported pain during the working hours (S1), numbness (S3), weakness (S4) and tingling (S5) in the abductor digiti minimi region of the palm. From the FFS it was found that the artisans faced more difficulty working with larger blocks than the other blocks. The reason could be due to repeated hitting by the ulnar side of the palm with more force with the presence of hand problems as seen from the SSS and CEMT. Artisans also reported difficulty maintaining good productivity, being regular at work and doing necessary work that involved wrist motion and force. The present study found that the artisans had developed callosity, lichenification and skin hardening due to repeated mechanical trauma on the palm’s abductor digiti minimi region. This is similar to the previous studies of CEMT to the skin that reported various skin changes, i.e., calluses, corns and other hyperkeratosis, and pigment changes, caused by chronic skin exposure to small repeated mechanical insults [25].