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Diagnosing Tourette syndrome
Published in Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta, James F. Leckman, Understanding Tourette Syndrome, 2019
Carlotta Zanaboni Dina, Mauro Porta
Impulse control disorder is present in 23–40% of TS patients (Table 3.4). It may include, in order of frequency, from more frequent to less: intermittent explosive disorder (i.e. excessive outbursts of anger and violence; the involuntary nature of the aggression is clear when, after the episode, the patient feels guilty and apologises).compulsive buying (or shopping, which may be linked with Internet addiction).pathological gambling (more often in adult patients because of the law’s restriction for its use in children).Internet addiction (i.e. excessive web surfing).kleptomania (i.e. stealing as the main pathological action).pyromania (i.e. setting things on fire as the main pathological action).sexual compulsion (i.e. pathological sexual attitude).
The Sexually Addicted Couple
Published in Len Sperry, Katherine Helm, Jon Carlson, The Disordered Couple, 2019
Those who identify as sex addicts have several common attributes: low opinion of and distorted beliefs about themselves, a desire to escape from unpleasant emotions, difficulty coping with stress, at least one powerful memory of a “high,” and an ability to deny having a problem (Earle & Crow, 1990). Many people who describe themselves as having compulsive sexual behavior also describe experiencing other compulsive behaviors (e.g., compulsive buying) (Black et al., 1997). Sexual addiction symptoms (similar to other addictions) include: a pattern of out of control behavior; severe consequences; inability to stop behavior despite consequences; an ongoing desire or effort to limit sexual behavior; use of sexual obsession and fantasy as a way to cope; increasing amounts of sexual experience (increased tolerance) because current level of activity is not sufficient; severe mood changes around sexual activity; inordinate amounts of time spent obtaining sex, being sexual, or recovering from sexual experiences; and neglect of important social, occupational, or recreational activities because of sexual behavior (Jones & Hertlein, 2012).
The Ways We Suffer
Published in Mark B. Constantian, Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery, 2018
And that isn’t the end. Imagine almost any self-medicating or self-harming behavior that impairs a functional life, and someone has probably connected it to childhood trauma. Patients seeking couples sexual therapy have a high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse.90,91 Ninety-seven percent of 456 adults patients (mean age 40 years) with dissociative disorders (amnesia, depersonalization, identity fragmentation, de-realization, mixed identity, and identity disorder) had at least one episode of childhood sexual or emotional abuse.92 Sexual abuse and witnessing violence as a child increase the chances of being unemployed or fired as an adult,93,94 and increase the risks of being bullied, bullying, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and of suicide.95–98 Similarly, emotional abuse and witnessing violence directly correlated with compulsive buying.93 Childhood sexual abuse correlated strongly with sexually violent behavior in a population of psychotic adults,99 for whom the lifetime risk of PTSD was a stunning 98%.100
Addictive behaviors in alcohol use disorder: dysregulation of reward processing systems and maladaptive coping strategies
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2018
Marco Cavicchioli, Giulia Vassena, Mariagrazia Movalli, Cesare Maffei
Empirical studies also have found relevant rates of co-occurrence between AUD and other conditions, such as compulsive sex19,20 and compulsive buying.21,22 Interestingly, the beta draft of the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11;23) includes compulsive sex as a diagnostic entity within the category of impulse-control disorders, which some authors considered as valid diagnostic alternatives for conceptualizing behavioral addictions.24 In line with the hypothesized common addiction mechanisms shared by AUD and compulsive sex,19,25 preliminary neuroimaging data found substantial similarities in neurobiological profiles (i.e., ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex abnormalities;19,20) Although the same links have not been found between AUD and compulsive buying,21,22 the paucity of empirical studies has not considered the latter condition as a formal diagnostic category, considering both the DSM-5 and ICD-11.23,26 Consequently, alternative conceptualizations of compulsive buying have been proposed, especially ones demonstrating how such behavior might represent a maladaptive coping strategy.27–30
Impulsivity and impulse control disorders in pregnancy
Published in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2018
Meliha Zengin Eroğlu, Ebru Şahan
CB is an ICD that varies in frequency depending on the content of its description, usually seen in women and starting in late adolescence or the early 20s [18,19]. It is estimated that the frequency of CB is around 6–7% around the world [20]. Little is known about the relationship between CB and gender. Studies conducted in different societies have yielded different data on the frequency of this disorder in women. For example, while in a study conducted in Germany the frequency of compulsive buying in female gender was 6.9%, it was 8.3% (93 out of 1121 women) in a study conducted in Spain [21,22]. In this study, female gender, anxiety, depression, and OCD were considered as the main risk factors for CB [22]. In a study conducted in the U.S.A., the point prevalence of compulsive buying was 6.0% for women [23]. In a study conducted with a group of university preparatory students in Turkey, compulsive buying (18.33%) was found in 22 of 120 female students [10]. The frequency of CB in our study was lower than those reported (3.3%). There may be differences depending on the variability of the diagnostic criteria used, and additional work is needed to determine whether the pregnancy has a CB-reducing effect in women.
The rates of co-occurring behavioural addictions in treatment-seeking individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary report
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Vlasios Brakoulias, Vladan Starcevic, Umberto Albert, Shyam S. Arumugham, Brenda E. Bailey, Amparo Belloch, Tania Borda, Liliana Dell’Osso, Jason A. Elias, Martha J. Falkenstein, Ygor A. Ferrao, Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Lena Jelinek, Brian Kay, Christine Lochner, Giuseppe Maina, Donatella Marazziti, Hisato Matsunaga, Euripedes C. Miguel, Pedro Morgado, Massimo Pasquini, Ricardo Perez-Rivera, Sriramya Potluri, Janardhan Y. C. Reddy, Brad C. Riemann, Maria C. do Rosario, Roseli G. Shavitt, Dan J. Stein, Kirupamani Viswasam, Naomi A. Fineberg
Nevertheless, the results suggest that some behavioural addictions may be more closely related to OCD than others, at least as far as their rates of co-occurrence are concerned. Thus, the rates of compulsive buying and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in patients with OCD were higher than in the general population and similar to those of OCD-related disorders such as trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder. Both compulsive buying and compulsive sexual behaviour disorder are thought by some researchers to mediated by dorsal striatal (compulsive) neural circuits (Mueller et al. 2010) and compulsive buying shares some symptom overlap with hoarding behaviour (Mueller et al. 2010). It should be acknowledged that these disorders may be difficult to differentiate.