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Simultaneous Scheduling of Energy Demand and Supply in the Industrial Microgrid
Published in Tugrul Daim, Marina Dabić, Yu-Shan Su, The Routledge Companion to Technology Management, 2023
Zeynep Bektas, M. Özgür Kayalica, Gülgün Kayakutlu
The main purpose of the study is to operate a microgrid in an organized industrial zone (OIZ) with renewable resources. The problem of managing energy supply and demand simultaneously will be addressed. For this, it is desired to minimize energy expenses by making simultaneous load and power scheduling. The main components of the microgrid to be dealt with are determined as photovoltaic (PV) system, wind power system, diesel generator, main grid connection, and consumer demand. In addition to renewable resources, the reason for choosing a diesel generator instead of an energy storage system as a backup power source is the findings obtained as a result of both the expert opinions consulted and the literature reviews. According to expert opinions, considering the high costs of energy storage technologies in Turkey, it has been seen that using diesel generators in an industrial microgrid system to be designed in developing countries is the most effective solution. However, as a result of the literature review, it has been observed that the use of diesel generators is less in similar studies and the choice of this source will contribute to the originality of our study.
Hybrid Microgrids
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Hybrid Power, 2021
A microgrid, a local energy network, offers integration of distributed energy resources (DER) with local elastic loads, which can operate in parallel with the grid or in an intentional island mode to provide a customized level of high reliability and resilience to grid disturbances. This advanced, integrated distribution system addresses the need for application in locations with electric supply and/or delivery constraints, in remote sites, and for protection of critical loads and economically sensitive development [82]. In principle, a microgrid is any small or local electric power system that is independent of the bulk electric power network. For example, it can be a combined heat and power system based on a natural gas combustion engine (which cogenerates electricity and hot water or steam from water, which is used to cool the natural gas turbine), diesel generators, renewable energy, or fuel cells. As mentioned before, a microgrid can be used to serve the electricity needs of data centers, colleges, hospitals, factories, military bases, or entire communities (i.e., “village power”) [78]. A true microgrid is much more than a backup power system. It also has to include real-time, on-site controls to match the microgrid’s generation and storage capacity to power use in real time, as well as have some way to interact with the grid [83].
Renewable Energy Based Smart Microgrids—A Pathway to Green Port Development
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, International Solutions to Sustainable Energy, Policies and Applications, 2020
Atulya Misra, Gayathri Venkataramani, Senthilkumar Gowrishankar, Elayaperumal Ayyasam, Velraj Ramalingam
Global shipping is normally powered by standalone diesel generators for electricity supply. Shipping and port facilities are affected considerably by the cost of electricity generation. The use of renewable energy (RE) resources in the shipping industry is advantageous in reducing CO2 emissions and reducing dependence on the fossil fuels. However, the intermittency associated with RE and large increases in its share of total power generation can result in problems with power generation, distribution and demand, contributing to electric grid instability. The magnitude of these problems can be reduced by developing large numbers of microgrids with energy storage capabilities. Microgrids are small electricity grids that can operate either independently or be connected to larger utility grids. These could have individual capability to manage supply and demand if these microgrids were integrated with the primary electrical grids. Then smart microgrids would enable consumers to connect to the primary energy delivery networks.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Electric Power Systems and Digital Transformation
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
The concept of microgrids has gained attention in recent years as a solution for localized, sustainable energy generation and distribution. Microgrids are small-scale power systems that can operate independently or in conjunction with a larger power grid. The primary drivers behind their development are the growing use of renewable energy sources, the need for more resilient and secure power systems, and a desire for greater energy independence and control. The terms "distributed generation" and "microgrid" are often used interchangeably in literature, leading to confusion about the exact meaning of each term. The distinction between them is important as it highlights the differences in scale, energy sources, control, and purpose. However, due to the overlapping features of these two concepts, they are often used interchangeably, leading lack of clear understanding about the unique characteristics of each. A comparison between the distributed generation and the microgrid is given in Table 3.
Second-order sliding mode controller design of buck converter with constant power load
Published in International Journal of Control, 2023
The use of microgrid has been increasingly growing in recent years due to environmental issues such as global warming, decreasing fossil fuels, global climate change, etc. (Dragičević et al., 2016). Microgrid is considered as a solution to today's environmental problems that facilitate the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. A microgrid is made up of many components, including renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and power electronic converters (Monesha et al., 2016). In addition, there are new generation loads in microgrid structures, such as electric vehicles and constant power load (CPL). In terms of functioning, microgrids can be classified into three types: direct current (DC), alternating current (AC), and hybrid structures that contain both DC and AC. In comparison to other microgrid architectures, DC microgrids are becoming increasingly popular for a variety of reasons; including energy efficiency, ease of control, and a lack of frequency and reactive power (Boukerdja et al., 2020). However, one of the primary issues with DC microgrids is that they do not ensure stability owing to CPLs (Singh et al., 2017).
Differential Negative Sequence Power Angle-Based Protection of Microgrid Feeders
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2022
Salauddin Ansari, Om Hari Gupta
Traditionally, there is bulk electricity generation which is ultimately distributed to the consumers with the help of transmission and distribution systems. However, this network is sometimes prone to significant power interruption due to extreme operating conditions, such as undesirable environmental hazards (including physical or cybersecurity threats) on an electricity grid [1]. The microgrid idea came down to resolving this interruption of electricity. Microgrid provides the electricity surety with the support of distributed generations (DGs) placed close to the load end. This additional support reduces power failures by injecting the power generated at the consumer side. Whenever the utility grid stops working in the event of faults or unsafe electrical problems, the microgrid helps to improve the system’s reliability [2]. A microgrid can function in two different modes [3], i.e., grid-interconnected and off-grid modes. By encouraging renewable energy uses, microgrid also significantly reduces carbon emissions. The conventional distribution system is usually radial in design and hence, the nature of the power flow is unidirectional; therefore, the conventional over-current-based relaying scheme [4] works properly for the radial power system network only. Conversely, a typical radial structure of a system changes into a mesh-type structure with the integration of a DG, and the power flow in the network becomes bidirectional. Thus, such networks may not be properly protected by traditional protection techniques, so advanced techniques for protection against faults are required.