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Hydro-Turbines
Published in Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan, Design of Hydrodynamic Machines, 2022
Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan
In hydropower plants the kinetic energy of water is converted into mechanical work using water/hydro-turbines. A water turbine is a rotating mechanical machine which is connected to an electric generator through a shaft to generate electricity. The water turbine together with the electric generator forms the fundamental part of hydroelectric power plants. Hydropower is considered as a renewable source of energy because water supply is constantly replenished by the water cycle. Hydropower is a never-ending resource and eco-friendly because it does not emit greenhouse gases to the atmosphere that contribute greatly to pollution and global warming.
Water resources science
Published in Mohammad Albaji, Introduction to Water Engineering, Hydrology, and Irrigation, 2022
Water is used in power generation. Hydroelectricity is electricity obtained from hydropower. Hydroelectric power comes from water driving a water turbine connected to a generator. Hydroelectricity is a low-cost, non-polluting, renewable energy source. The energy is supplied by the sun. The heat from the sun evaporates water, which condenses as rain in higher altitudes, from where it flows down.
A micro-hydro pilot plant for mechanical pumping
Published in Bjørn Honningsvåg, Grethe Holm Midttømme, Kjell Repp, Kjetil Arne Vaskinn, Trond Westeren, Hydropower in the New Millennium, 2020
Usually the water turbines are specially designed and custom-made for a given water head and flow rate, that is for a given site; this means that they are not very cheap nor quick to set up and are suitable only for large energy generation and not very encouraging for small power and autonomous self-managed systems.
Investigation on the influence of bucket’s flow patterns on energy conversion characteristics of Pelton turbine
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2023
Haoru Zhao, Baoshan Zhu, Bin Xu, Peng Tang, Na Guo, Wenwu Zhang
Global industrialization has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for energy in developing countries (Rejeb et al., 2022). This resulted in an approximate 5% rise in carbon dioxide emissions in 2021, challenging global climate security (Mitali et al., 2022). Renewable green energy is pollution-free and the first choice to alleviate the increasingly severe global climatic problems (Qu et al., 2023; Zhao et al., 2022). Hence, it is necessary to develop green and clean energy. Hydropower is a widely used form of green energy. In 2021, the global installed hydropower capacity reached 1330 GW, and by 2050, it should be approximately 60% to meet the growing energy demand (Quaranta & Trivedi, 2021). Water turbine power generation is the most widely used form of hydropower generation because the load can be easily adjusted by changing the water flow through the turbine. Turbine power generation systems can reduce the demand for power supply from slow response coal-fired and nuclear power systems (Bhattarai et al., 2019).
Renewable energy in Bangladesh: current situation and future prospect
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 2020
Mahadi Hasan Masud, Md Nuruzzaman, Raju Ahamed, Anan Ashrabi Ananno, A. N. M. Amanullah Tomal
Hydropower is one kind of renewable energy that is produced by the dynamism of moving water. As an energy source, it has been utilised for a long time for irrigation and other purposes such as water wheels or water mills. Hydroelectric power plants follow the same principle as coal-fired, which use a propeller shape piece called turbine. In 1878, Cragside in Northumberland was the first house, powered by hydroelectricity but commercially it was first introduced at Niagara Falls in 1879. The dam water, which flows through an intake gate creates a pressure on turbine blades that produce rotatory motion of a shaft in an electric generator and generate electricity. Figure 29 displays the block diagram of the hydropower generation. The concept is to convert kinetic energy of flowing water to electric energy by a water turbine and generator arrangement. Like wind or solar this electricity generation does not depend on certain conditions. Almost 20% of the total power consumption by the world is generated by the hydropower stations. But Bangladesh has a limited potential of hydropower owing to plane surface and small availability of pressure head (Wazed and Ahmed 2008).
Performance enhancement of a twisted Savonius hydrokinetic turbine with an upstream deflector
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2021
Mabrouk Mosbahi, Sana Elgasri, Mariem Lajnef, Bouzid Mosbahi, Zied Driss
Electricity is definitely the foundation of a rapid social and economic growth (Nojavan et al. 2014). Several methods are available to produce electricity. Fossil fuels are the principal sources of energy for centuries since they could be easily exploited and are relatively low cost. However, over the last decade, the quick increase of fossil fuels consumption has not only resulted in global fossil energy crisis, but also worsened environmental problems (Elkadeem et al. 2019; Masdari et al. 2019). Therefore, the use of renewable energy sources is an effective way to reduce the exploitation of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission (Bórawski et al. 2019; Zeren and Akkuş 2020). Small-scale hydropower is within of this context. Water turbines generate electricity from flowing water of river or canal by converting the kinetic energy available in water to electrical energy (Nunes et al. 2019). Water turbines could be mainly classified into two major categories, namely, horizontal axis water turbines (HAWT) and vertical axis water turbines (VAWT) (Ayodele, Ogunjuyigbe, and Amusan 2016). VAWT is more preferred in small-scale hydropower generations due to their ability to respond to water flow from any direction and low costs of maintenance (Mosbahi et al. 2020). Savonius water turbine (SWT) is the most widely used VAWT. The SWT was invented in 1922 by the engineer Sigurd Johannes Savonius (Bethi et al. 2019). The basic version of the SWT has an S-shaped cross-section formed by two semi-circular vanes with a small overlap between them. SWT has several advantages, i.e., simple structure, ability to accept fluid from any direction and high starting torque at low water velocity. However, the SWT faces low efficiency and operates at low tip-speed ratio (TSR) which made it difficult to be integrated with generator (Saeed, Elmekawy, and Kassab 2019). The low performance of the SWT is a motivating subject to be explored and improved. Therefore, it is essential to discuss numerical and experimental predictions of the performance improvement of the SWT.