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Microhydro
Published in Dorothy Gerring, Renewable Energy Systems for Building Designers, 2023
Kaplan turbines are used in low head and high flow conditions. It is a propeller-type turbine with adjustable blades and adjustable wicket gates (figure 16.15). The water drops through the wicket gate, falling on the blades, causing the runner to rotate. This is a reaction force. The water exits out the draft tube, which flares and must remain submerged in water.
Hydro-Turbines
Published in Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan, Design of Hydrodynamic Machines, 2022
Getu Hailu, Michal Varchola, Peter Hlbocan
A Kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine, in which the flow direction does not change as it flows through the rotor. Kaplan turbines are propellers with adjustable blades inside a tube. In Kaplan turbines, water flows in and out along its rotational axis (axial flow). The blades of Kaplan turbines can be rotated to change their angle. This helps maintain maximum efficiency for different flow rates. Kaplan turbines are used primarily for low-head applications, i.e., for H < 50 m. Like Francis turbines, adjustable inlet guide vanes, located around the inside volute casing, are used to regulate the amount of flow.
Hydro Power
Published in Sergio C. Capareda, Introduction to Renewable Energy Conversions, 2019
A monograph is usually used to plan a project and select a turbine. An example is shown in Figure 5.7. This figure shows the combination of head (in meters) and flow (in m3/s). Each enclosed gray colored region displays the type of turbine recommended. As shown in the figure, Francis turbines are used for up to 1,000 MW [0.03 Quad/yr] of power, with heads ranging from 10 to 1,000 meters [32.8 to 3,280 ft]. Kaplan turbines can have as much as close to 100 MW [0.003 Quad/yr] of power, with flows ranging from 1 to 1,000 m3/s [15,837 to 15,837,053 gpm]. Pelton turbines have heads of 1,000 meters [3,280 ft] and flows up to 60 m3/s [950,223 gpm].
Trends in an increased dependence towards hydropower energy utilization—a short review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Girma T. Chala, M. I. N. Ma’Arof, Rakesh Sharma
The main technologies used in a hydropower facility constitute dammed reservoir, running river, pumped storage, stream technology and new technology gravitational vortex [8]. In this regard, the research in Europe mainly focuses on the main elements of electromechanical equipments such as turbines, pumps and generators. Basically, there are two types of turbines: impulse and reaction turbines. There are three types of impulse turbines: Turgo, Pelton and cross flow turbines. However, most reaction turbines are of axial flow turbine (Kaplan turbine) type. Reaction turbines have better performance in low head and high flow sites compared to impulse turbines (Yaakob, Ahmed, Elbatran, & Shabara, 2014). The water flows via channel or penstock to a waterwheel or turbine where it strikes the bucket of the wheel, causing the shaft of the waterwheel or turbine to rotate. When generating electricity, the rotating shaft, which is connected to an alternator or generator, converts the motion of the shaft into electrical energy. World bank (WB: 2009) reported that hydropower would have important contribution to the efforts of the development and cooperation of region in scarce water resources (Vassoney, Mochet, & Comoglio, 2017). The inherent technical, economic, and environmental benefits of hydroelectric power make it an important contributor to the future world energy mix, particularly in the developing countries.