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Capacity Markets and Demand Side Response
Published in Jacopo Torriti, Peak Energy Demand and Demand Side Response, 2015
Capacity Markets have been the most immediate solution to the missing money and capacity crunch problems. Another solution is to diversify as much as possible the potentially high risk posed by intermittency and peak demand thanks to the European Supergrid, an integrated power system network, where electricity demands from one country will be met by generation from another country. This will be achieved through building new cross-border connections which will improve current electricity transmission and distribution systems which were designed over 40 years ago. For instance, UK interconnector projects under investigation include two interconnectors with Norway as part of the North Seas Countries’ Offshore Grid Initiative additional interconnection with France, as well as Iceland, Ireland, Denmark and Spain. Interconnectors are supposed to guarantee security of supply at all times by transporting large electricity loads across regions. In the European Supergrid the risk of power cuts in principle should be mitigated by the diversification of electricity generation mixes, from solar to wind to nuclear. However, for a correct balancing between supply and demand to function the implications of aggregate demand need to be explored. Congestion costs associated with peak demand across the most congested interconnectors in Europe are currently estimated to be #1.3bn each year (Energy and Climate Change Committee, 2011). Congestion is a problem for trading electricity across borders not only because of the risks of blackouts (i.e. excessive demand), but also because intermittent renewable sources of energy in one Member State may be generating so much electricity that the transmission capacity to other countries is exceeded (i.e. excessive supply).
Renewables Conquering the Mainstream of the World’s Energy Markets
Published in Wolfgang Palz, The Triumph of the Sun in 2000–2020, 2019
China is a much bigger country than Germany (the Germans often forget that) and faces these problems on a much larger scale: Much of its wind current is generated in its western provinces far inland with the concentration of demand near the East coast. China is building an innovative super-grid between East and West. In late 2018, a 3200 km gridline for the transmission of 12 GW became operational. The technology uses DC current and the highest voltage of 1.1 million Volt ever seen, for the low losses they offer. The Europeans ABB and Siemens were involved in this gigantic endeavour.
The Destiny of Intelligent Infrastructure
Published in Mark A. Gabriel, Visions for a Sustainable Energy Future, 2020
The supergrid concept simultaneously addresses key energy and environmental challenges by enabling a transition to sustainable energy resources and the efficient transport of energy in an environmentally benign manner.
Electricity trade and cooperation in the BBIN region: lessons from global experience
Published in International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2021
Ramesh Ananda Vaidya, Niru Yadav, Nirjan Rai, Saumitra Neupane, Aditi Mukherji
India’s national grid provides a very positive internal development for cross-border trade: power-grid interconnections in India evolved from the local level in the 1950s to the provincial level in the 1960s, the regional level in the 1970s, and finally the national level in the 1990s. In addition, recent advances in direct-current transmission technology mean that the cost of transporting electricity across long distances is likely to fall. For example, India is building a 1700 km ultra-high-voltage direct-current (UHVDC) super-grid link, running at 600,000 volts and higher, to carry hydroelectric power from Assam to Uttar Pradesh, and a 1400 km link to carry coal-based thermal power from Chhattisgarh to Haryana, each with a peak capacity of 6000 MW (The Economist, 2017).
A mitigation scenario for Latin American power-related carbon dioxide emissions
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2020
Paulo M. De Oliveira-De Jesus, Marco González De León, Rafael A. Melán
However, these projects are far to provide enough benefits to develop large-scale generation projects based on renewable energy such as solar (Atacama Desert in Chile), wind (Colombian and Venezuelan north coast) or conventional hydropower at several river basins in the region. A way to make viable these resources in the context of a transnational electricity market is through the concept of a super grid built with High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) links.