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Conceptual Framework of Digital Transformation in Higher Education an Emerging Trend
Published in Manpreet Singh Manna, Balamurugan Balusamy, Kiran Sood, Naveen Chilamkurti, Ignisha Rajathi George, Edutech Enabled Teaching, 2023
Kuldip Kaur, Priyanka Chhibber
The First Industrial Revolution started in the 1700s and has since progressed with step-by-step technological transformation. It involved the introduction of new machines and techniques in agriculture, textiles, iron and steel industries, and the power sector, including steam engines and railroads. The Second Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 19th century and continued until the beginning of 20th century, introduced remarkable advancements in manufacturing and production, such as assembly lines, gasoline engines, railroad networks, telegraph, electricity, etc. The Third Industrial Revolution started in the early 1970s brought drastic changes to the technology and renewable energy sectors. This new era of digitalization brought automation to production and supply through the emergence of electronics, telecommunication, information technology, internet, computers, green electricity, etc. Now the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) also known as ‘Industry 4.0' or the ‘technological revolution' has brought social transformation through adoption of advanced digital tools and technologies to attain digitalization through increased automation. The emerging technologies used in 4IR bring integration among biological, physical, and digital tools. Figure 7.1 shows the technologies for Industry 4.0.
History of rehabilitation engineering
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
Gerald Weisman, Gerry Dickerson
Technology and the practice of engineering progressed from the Industrial Revolution through the Second Industrial Revolution and most recently through the Information Revolution. The development and use of electricity and mass production characterized the Second Industrial Revolution. Advances in physics and chemistry spurred the growth of electrical and chemical engineering. Engineering schools and curricula became well established and graduate programs were created. World War II and the subsequent Cold War and Space Race created an environment where research and development expanded, creating all kinds of new technologies and thus establishing the Information Revolution. Graduate engineering schools became well established (Creatingtechnology.org 2018).
Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation in Big Data Era
Published in Mohammed El Amine Abdelli, Wissem Ajili-Ben Youssef, Uğur Özgöker, Imen Ben Slimene, Big Data for Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development, 2021
Hassan Ayoub, Nathalie Achkouty
In the twentieth century, electrification was listed by the National Academy of Engineering as the ultimate engineering accomplishment.2 Other industries were considered the most important, such as gas, water supply, and telegraph. The second industrial revolution led to urbanization and the mass movement of people to cities. As a result, by the nineteenth century, 40% of the US population occupied the cities, in contrast with the eighteenth century, where it only reached 6%.
Intelligent machining: a review of trends, achievements and current progress
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
M. Imad, C. Hopkins, A. Hosseini, N.Z. Yussefian, H.A. Kishawy
Manufacturing systems set specific quality standards for each produced product, in order to assure high quality production (Deshayes et al. 2006). Such requirements demand the utilization of constantly evolving state-of-the-art engineering. The evolution of this tool is correlated with the evolution of the world’s industrial stages. At the current industrial stage, traditional manufacturing systems can be advanced into becoming optimal manufacturing systems, by integrating them with advanced optimization techniques. The industrial world has gone through four significant revolutionary stages. The end of the 18th century witnessed the birth of the world’s first industrial revolution, where industrial settings were able to utilize steam powered mechanical systems (Liang et al. 2018). Then, the world experienced its second industrial revolution by the end of the 19th century, when electricity was first used as the energy source to power newly introduced mass production systems. The third industrial revolution surfaced at the end of the 1960s, during the development of automated production systems (Liang et al. 2018). Cyber-physical systems (CPS) paved the way for the world’s current industrial revolution, which is also known as Industry 4.0 (Liang et al. 2018).
Progressing the health agenda: responsibly innovating in health technology*
Published in Journal of Responsible Innovation, 2018
Every year, the world’s most influential leaders gather in the quaint, wintery town of Davos, Switzerland to discuss the most pressing issues facing humanity. The 2016 World Economic Forum (WEF) centered on the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Klaus Schwab, the Founder and Executive Chairman of the WEF, contends that the world is at the cusp of a Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab 2016). The First Industrial Revolution, which spanned from 1760 to 1840, provided mechanical production, with the construction of railroads and the creation of the steam engine. The Second Industrial Revolution, which began at the turn of the twentieth century, brought mass production through the advent of electricity and the assembly line. The Third Industrial Revolution, commencing in the 1960s, saw the invention of computers, semiconductors, and the Internet. Today, the Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by smaller, more powerful, and cheaper sensors; cognitive computing advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, predictive analytics, and machine learning; the Internet of Things; additive manufacturing/3D printing; nanotechnologies; neurotechnology; biotechnology; and much more.
A holonic architecture for the supply chain performance in industry 4.0 context
Published in International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2021
Kamar Zekhnini, Anass Cherrafi, Imane Bouhaddou, Abla Chaouni Benabdellah, Rakesh Raut
The emergence of mechanical production techniques using water and steam power marks the First Industrial Revolution in the 1800s (Xu, Xu, and Li 2018). The Second Industrial Revolution began at the beginning of the twentieth century, which was marked by mass manufacturing encouraged via electricity. The third industrial revolution started in the middle of the twentieth century. It revolutionised manufacturing by introducing automation and microelectronics (Xu, Xu, and Li 2018). The fourth industrial revolution, known as ‘industry 4.0’ (Hahn 2019), integrates the internet of things with manufacturing techniques to allow systems to achieve various economic and strategic advantages while increasing efficiency (da Silva, Kovaleski, and Pagani 2018).