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Biomass
Published in Roy L. Nersesian, Energy Economics, 2016
Rudolf Diesel ran his diesel at the Paris Exposition on peanut oil, not biodiesel. Straight vegetable oil (SVO) does not need to be converted to biodiesel, but diesel engines have to be adapted to burn SVO. SVO is cheaper than biodiesel with no conversion costs and does away with the glycerin disposal problem. However, SVO requires a heated auxiliary tank in order not to clog the fuel system in cold weather. Diesel conversion kits are available to adapt diesel engines to SVO. The kits consist of modified fuel injector nozzles, stronger glow plugs, dual fuel heaters, temperature controls, and parallel fuel filters. The converted diesel can run on SVO, biodiesel, or petrodiesel, or any combination of the three stored in separate tanks. However, free used cooking oil, which may include animal fats and fish oils, may not be acceptable fuels for the conversion kits. Some maintain that untreated SVO does not cause engine problems; it can go straight from the oil seed crusher to the fuel tank. Others maintain that SVO must be treated (de-gummed, deacidified, and usually winterized), and factories in Europe process fuel-grade vegetable oils as others process food-grade vegetable oils. In the respective arguments over whether biodiesel or SVO is better, one should not lose the point that both replace petrodiesel.104
Assessment of basic properties and thermal analysis of hybrid biofuel blend
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Sharzali Che Mat, M. Y. Idroas, Y. H. Teoh, M. F. Hamid
Alternatively, the blending method was found to be effective, simple, and economical to reduce the viscosity of the SVO. Even though the transesterification method is widely used to convert SVO into biodiesel, this method consumes high energy, is time consuming, and required specific equipment (Deng, Fang, and Liu 2010). Therefore, it is beneficial to further analyze the blending method in the context of new biofuels. Blending of SVO with low-viscosity fuels, such as diesel and alcohol, was found to reduce the viscosity and has comparable engine power as compared to diesel fuel (Che Mat et al. 2018; Gad et al. 2018; Ileri 2016; Jamuwa, Sharma, and Soni 2016; Kumar and Sidharth 2018). Ethanol is a renewable fuel, inexpensive and has cleaner combustion properties as compared to diesel. Thus, many researchers have studied its use for biodiesel blends. Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of biomass from any biological material containing sugar, starch, or cellulose (Kumar, Singh, and Prasad 2010). Arpornpong et al. (2014) studied the phase behavior of basic biofuel properties of ethanol–vegetable oil/diesel microemulsion. They reported that the reverse micelle microemulsion can provide desirable fuel properties as compared to diesel fuels. Further, Qi et al. (2017b) analyzed the properties, performance, and emissions of tung oil, diesel, and ethanol blend. The viscosity and density of the blends were found to decrease as the fraction of ethanol increased. Emission of NOx was found similar at low load, while HC and CO emissions were found close to those of diesel fuel.
A review of combustion control strategies in diesel HCCI engines
Published in Biofuels, 2018
Shyam Pandey, Parag Diwan, Pradeepta Kumar Sahoo, Sukrut Shrikant Thipse
The two major concerns that need to be addressed are reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and control of harmful pollutants including smoke and NOx. Moreover, the effects of exhaust gases from automobiles play a vital role in climate change thereby forcing the use of alternative and renewable fuels. In the case of diesel engines, straight vegetable oil (SVO) or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) can be used as a fuel. The major obstacle in their application is their high viscosity and tendency to increase NOx emissions. Alcohol is considered as one of the most promising options to replace diesel but this is possible only after careful blending, emulsification and fumigation (injecting secondary fuel into the induction manifold).
Numerical study on the influence of nozzle spray shape on spray characteristics using diesel and biofuel blends
Published in Biofuels, 2021
M. H. H. Ishak, Farzad Ismail, Sharzali Che Mat, M. S. Abdul Aziz, M. Z. Abdullah, Aizat Abas
In recent years, straight vegetable oil (SVO) has received considerable attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. This popularity is based on its similar physical properties to petroleum diesel fuel, including that it is biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable, and that it produces less sulfur [1,2]. Nevertheless, the direct use of SVO in diesel engine requires much more attention because of durability and operational issues such as fuel injector clog and rapid wearing of fuel pump components. These issues are produced by the high density and viscosity of SVO that completely change characteristics of fuel spray, volatility and atomization mixture quality [3–5].