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Africa
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Modular Systems for Energy Conservation and Efficiency
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy Usage Management, 2020
The flow rate of producer gas was determined with a Venturi meter mounted in the filter enclosure, through the use of pressure transducers and a thermocouple. The computer used these measurements to calculate the flow rate of producer gas and display it in real time. An oxygen sensor was mounted at the exit of the filter and monitored by the computer to warn of combustible mixtures in the gas cleanup system. A roots blower moved the gas through the system and sent it to a vortex flare. The vortex action in the flare mixed the producer gas with air to form a combustible mixture. The flare was equipped with an electrically powered glow plug to ensure ignition of the producer gas, as soon as it was combustible. In BioMax technology, the generator used was rated to produce up to 60 kilowatt-electricity (kWe) of three-phase 240 volts alternating current (VAC) 60 hertz (Hz) electricity. This commercial system was modified to control the flow of producer gas and combustion air. A commercial oxygen sensor was used to control the air/fuel ratio with CPC proprietary software and controllers but with commercial control valves. The produced electricity powered a variable load bank that was monitored with an Ohio Semitronics power meter. The waste heat was recovered from the engine coolant and the exhaust gases for space heating (and potentially cooling) purposes [4].
Discussion
Published in Arcot Ganesh Pradeep Narrain, Low Head Hydropower For Local Energy Solutions, 2018
A generator with a rotational speed of 100 rpm was driven by the runner. A gearbox between the machine and the generator enabled an increase in rpm. For the given rotational speed, the permanent magnet generator had a power rating of 20 kW. The gearing consisted of 2 stages. Torque measurements were taken between gearbox and generator. Electricity generated was fed into a load bank by the stand-alone unit. High performance electronics converter enabled variations in load current ranging from 0 to 48 A in the form of direct current. Measurements of parameters like rpm enabled assessment of performance under varying conditions, thereby giving the optimal operational point. Results showed that for maximum power output the upstream water level needed to be above the hub. With the upstream water level slightly below the hub a maximum efficiency could be obtained. Mechanical efficiencies in the range of 55 to 65% could be obtained at rotational speeds between 7.5 and 10 rpm. Power output between 6 and 7.5 kW were obtained for varying water levels. The hydrostatic pressure machine prototype installation was in the head range of 1 to 2 m. The setup of the prototype provided an alternative to conventional technology. The implementation of the prototype included the complete process of planning a hydropower station, from site location to power generation. It enabled an assessment of the machine in including its environmental impact.
Electrical Power Transfer with “No Wires”
Published in Yen Kheng Tan, Energy Harvesting Autonomous Sensor Systems, 2017
The experimental setup to measure the induced voltage Vemf [= ωNB Asin(ωt) where the negative sign is due to Lenz’s law] from the toroid-based magnetic energy harvester via the current-carrying power cable is shown in Figure 6.4. The current flowing in the circuit varies from 1 to 4 A by adjusting the voltage knob of the AC power supply. Due to the high current along the circuitry, the high-wattage resistor load bank is utilized. A summary of the measured and calculated induced emf (electromotive force) voltage for difference current flowing in the primary side power line is presented in Table 6.1.
A DC–DC Converter Topology for Optimal Utilization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Resources Using Hybrid Technique
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
P. Selvabharathi, V. Kamatchi Kannan
Here, the optimum use of co-ordinate RES with the C2MPA-RERNN method is assessed. The optimum generation of the control signal deals with the utilizing proposed controller, and then, the signal exchanged maximal power point tracking controller of photovoltaic with the wind generating scheme including the proposed converter. The efficiency is analyzed depending on photovoltaic, wind, and battery converter output. AC loads are devices that receive alternating current (AC) electric power as a source of the electric system. A programmable AC load bank is usually included in circuits to test and measure current, voltage, and frequency. Three case studies are evaluated.