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Pitfalls of Cogeneration
Published in Bernard F. Kolanowski, Small-scale Cogeneration Handbook, 2021
The displacement of kilowatts by use of an on-site generator may be significantly affected if the power factor of the facility is low. Power factor is the term applied to the efficiency with which supplied power is used within the facility. A high power factor means that electrical power is being utilized effectively, while a low power factor indicates poor utilization of electrical power.
Evolving Power System Technologies and Considerations
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo, Electrical Power Systems Technology, 2021
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Brian W. Fardo
Most of the electrical power that is produced is alternating current (AC) power. Three-phase alternators are used to produce AC power at electrical power plants. DC power can be produced by chemical action or rotating machinery or it can be converted from AC sources by the process of rectification. Certain types of alternative power systems produce DC power that may be converted to AC.
Lexicon
Published in Samuel C. Sugarman, HVAC Fundamentals, 2020
power: (Definition) The rate of flow of energy past a given point or the rate of doing work. Power equals work divided by time. Electrical power is measured in watts or kilowatts. Mechanical units of power are horsepower and foot-pounds. Heat power is measured in British thermal units per hour.
Utilizing Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Load Frequency Control in Deregulated Power System Using Emotional Controller
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Currently, electric power is generated in large centralized power plants such as fossil fuel, nuclear, large hydro power plants. However, due to rapid demand growth, depletion of fossil fuels and increased environmental concerns the concept of large centralized power plants is deteriorating. Therefore, utility generation paradigm is shifting from large centralized power plants to various small-scale units and renewable energy sources (RESs) [5–9]. RES-based generation is becoming a quite promising source of energy nowadays. But the intermittent behavior of RESs like solar, wind presents distinct technical and economic issues that must be overcome. To overcome the intermittency of RESs, backup in the form of energy storage is required for the improvement of the system reliability and overall performance. The operation of energy storage can balance the stochastic nature of the RES-based generation. Battery energy storage system is one of the most capable and compatible technologies. Electric vehicles are batteries on wheels. The batteries of EVs can be used to provide energy whenever power from the RESs fluctuates. Thus, EVs provide load frequency regulation strategy [10–13]. As EVs are a clean source of energy, they also help to reduce CO2 emissions.
Optimal Automatic Generation Control with Hydro, Thermal, Gas, and Wind Power Plants in 2-Area Interconnected Power System
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2020
Nizamuddin Hakimuddin, Ibraheem Nasiruddin, Terlochan Singh Bhatti, Yogendra Arya
The energy sources such that coal, oil, natural gas, diesel, nuclear fuels, and falling water are common for generating electrical power. A wide variety of non-conventional fuels have been identified for electric power generation technologies due to day by day depletion of fossil fuels. The untiring efforts of engineers/technologists enable the world to use solar energy, wind power and waste materials etc. effectively and efficiently for electrical power generation. However, the contribution of non-conventional sources for designing of AGC schemes in interconnected power system is rarely acknowledged. Most of these AGC studies have been done in interconnected power systems by considering single source of power plants in each corresponding control area [32, 33, 35]. However, in practical situations, a control area may have combinations of hydro, thermal, gas, and non-conventional energy sources based power plants. In the literature, AGC studies are carried out by considering few energy sources based power plants in corresponding control areas such as hydro-thermal-gas [7, 12, 16, 30, 33, 34], thermal-hydro-wind/diesel [17], wind-photo voltaic (PV)-diesel [19], thermal-wind-PV-wave [21, 22], thermal-wind [23], hydro-thermal-diesel-gas [32], wind‐thermal‐split shaft gas turbine [36], thermal-hydro-wind-PV-geothermal [37], dish-Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS)-diesel-thermal [38], wind-thermal-diesel [39], and hydro-biomass-wind-flywheel/micro gas-PV-flywheel/micro gas-fuel cell-PV-flywheel/diesel-wind-flywheel [40].