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Substation Automation and Relay Communications
Published in Walter A. Elmore, Pilot Protective Relaying, 2018
There is still no industry-approved definition of substation automation. This chapter will attempt to provide a general review of what constitutes substation automation and, then, define some of the forces that are driving the requirements for automation. A key tool in the automation of a substation is the use of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). The use of IEDs presents several implementation considerations, including those of protocol and compatibility with existing substation equipment. There appears to be a distinct difference between systems that provide interfacing functions, and those that are capable of providing many true automation functions. Some of the differences in these types of systems are identified, as are potential candidates for automation. Moderm substation automation systems also have a significant influence as a corporate data source outside the substation. There are significant unanticipated consequences that can result from the use of IEDs, some of which are identified and discussed.
Role of PLC Technology in Smart Grid Communication Networks
Published in David Bakken, Krzysztof Iniewski, Smart Grids, 2017
Angeliki M. Sarafi, Artemis C. Voulkidis, Spiros Livieratos, Panayotis G. Cottis
The SNs are usually the first SGNs to implement, since they support the most critical applications realized in the SG. Substation automation services include the remote monitoring and control of SCADA systems, phase measurement units (PMUs), remote terminal units (RTUs), and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs). The common characteristic of all these devices is that they generate SG information that needs to be collected via the backhaul networks, that is, the SN, in real-time synchronized mode of operation. Since synchronization is a critical issue, global positioning system (GPS) enabling is usually proposed in the literature [24]. As to PLC transmission, both BB-PLC and NB-PLC seem appropriate to serve SN communications, taking into account that the former option supports low whereas the latter supports high transmission rates. Other options may include wireless and optical media [43].
Smart Grid Communication Network and Its Applications
Published in F. Richard Yu, Xi Zhang, Victor C. M. Leung, Green Communications and Networking, 2016
Zhao Li, Dmitry Ishchenko, Fang Yang, Yanzhu* Ye
An IED is typically a microprocessor device used for monitoring and control of primary power equipment responsible for taking action when the operating conditions of the power system are functioning abnormally and when not taking a control action would critically damage the costly system components such as high power and high voltage generators or transformers based on certain control logic. Typically IEDs are transmission and distribution protective relays and standard control units for re-closers, switches, voltage regulators capacitor banks and transformer tap changers.
Challenges and Viability of Use of PLC for Personal Communication in Underground Coal Mines
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2021
R. N. Raul, S. Palit, T. Maity
Several essential and fundamental benefits may be obtained from PLC compared to wireless communication in case of underground coal mines from the application point of view: There is always a requirement of redundancy of protection and control in underground coal mines. This may be provided by communications through the LV power line already in existence for emergency lighting.The PLC using power line performs a dual role of sensing and communicating. It can be deployed for functioning as a sensor for sensing some physical parameters like moisture, presence of CO, CO2 and inflammable gases, temperature and pressure, etc.Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) can be communicated with directly, using controllers, through the power line. This is naturally advantageous compared to packet switched public networks. This implies that PLC and IEDs can be operated using the same infrastructure which is beneficial especially in tele-protection applications.Attenuation in wireless communication in underground coal mines is high due to complex and uneven mine structure and presence of some inflammable gases. PLC network in underground coal mines provides a more efficient alternative.