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Review on Period of Biodegradability for Natural Fibers Embedded Polylactic Acid Biocomposites
Published in Ederio Dino Bidoia, Renato Nallin Montagnolli, Biodegradation, Pollutants and Bioremediation Principles, 2021
Arun Y. Patil, Nagaraj R. Banapurmath, S. Sunal
Hemp is another such material which has captured the market throughout the world, where the weight percent variation range from 1% to 48% with PLA substrate. It has unique qualities, such as becoming water vapor after burning, and it is strong and durable enough to compete with subordinate fibers. Hemp fiber replenishes the soil rather than depleting it, and can be used as efficient bio-fuel. Ten percent weight fraction of PLA resulted in better cross-linking, with agents such as Dicumyl Peroxide (DCP) yielding better mechanical properties (Rytlewski et al. 2014). Monolithic PLA with transverse direction of embedment of fiber at 48% of weight fraction resulted in vague outcome. However the understand with research work gave a new insight in the comparative study (Kobayashi et al. 2014). Meanwhile, a recent study revealed that 10 to 20 wt% fraction helped the matrix to achieve 94% of polymer base material strength, with increase in crystallinity and better thermo-mechanical properties as well (Khan et al. 2017).
Environmental Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Animal waste is a persistent and unavoidable pollutant produced primarily by the animals housed in an industrial-sized farm. Researchers from Washington University have figured out a way to turn manure into biomass. In April 2008, with the help of imaging technology, they noticed that vigorous mixing helps microorganisms turn farm waste into alternative energy, providing farmers with a simple way to treat their waste and convert it into energy. There are also agricultural products specifically grown for biofuel production, including corn, switch grass, and soybeans, primarily in the United States; rapeseed, wheat, and sugar beet, primarily in Europe; sugar cane in Brazil; palm oil and miscanthus in Southeast Asia; sorghum and cassava in China; jatropha and pongamia pinnata in India; and pongamia pinnata in Australia and the tropics. Hemp has also been proven to work as a biofuel. Biodegradable outputs from industry, agriculture, forestry, and households can be used for biofuel production. Biomass can come from waste plant material. The use of biomass fuels can therefore contribute to waste management as well as fuel security and help to prevent global warming, though alone, they are not a comprehensive solution to these problems.
Environmental biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
Firdos Alam Khan, Firdos Alam Khan
Animal waste is a persistent and unavoidable pollutant produced primarily by the animals housed in industrial-sized farms. Researchers from Washington University have figured out a way to turn manure into biomass. In April 2008, with the help of imaging technology, they noticed that vigorous mixing helps microorganisms turn farm waste into alternative energy, providing farmers with a simple way to treat their waste and convert it into energy. There are also agricultural products specifically grown for biofuel production, including corn, switch grass, and soybeans, primarily in the United States; rapeseed, wheat, and sugar beet, primarily in Europe; sugar cane in Brazil; palm oil and miscanthus in South East Asia; sorghum and cassava in China; jatropha and pongamia pinnata in India; and pongamia pinnata in Australia and the tropics. Hemp has also been proven to work as a biofuel. Biodegradable outputs from industry, agriculture, forestry, and households can be used for biofuel production. Biomass can come from waste plant material. The use of biomass fuels can, therefore, contribute to waste management as well as fuel security and help to prevent global warming, though alone they are not a comprehensive solution to these problems.
Red Mud: Fundamentals and New Avenues for Utilization
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2021
Red mud has also seen use as a catalyst in production of fuels. Contamination with sulfur components in fuel is very undesirable for the final product and they must be removed. One project used red mud as a catalyst with hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid to remove dibenzothiophene (DBT) by means of oxidation (Resende et al. 2014). It was also shown that the red mud could be regenerated to up to 97% of its original catalyst activity to be used again (Resende et al. 2014). Hemp oil can be converted to biofuel using pyrolysis techniques with hydrogen gas. It was found that when reduced red mud was used as a catalyst, the produced organic materials contained less reactive organics like alcohols, aldehydes, and acids and a higher amount of stable alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics (Karimi et al. 2010). The bio oil produced using red mud as a catalyst also showed that the organic material was more stable over the course of 90 days whereas the untreated bio oil began to degrade and the alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics converted into a higher weight percent of reactive organics that cannot be useful as fuel (Karimi et al. 2010). Ammonia can be converted to hydrogen gas which can be used as a fuel with the help of red mud as a catalyst. The iron present in red mud was reduced to metallic iron and then reacted with ammonia to form nitrogen and hydrogen gas at a production rate varying from 72 to 196 mmol H2 per min with ammonia flow rates varying from 72,000 to 240,000 cm3 NH3 per hour (Kurtoglu and Uzun 2016). This study offers a use for red mud while also creating a storage mechanism for hydrogen gas, which is dangerous to store.
Estimation of fuel properties and characterization of hemp biodiesel using spectrometric techniques
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Cijil Biju John, Antony Raja Solamalai, Ranjitha Jambulingam, Deepanraj Balakrishnan
The majority of the biodiesel properties obtained followed I.S 15607 and ASTM D6751 requirements. The findings obtained from TG-DSC/DTG were considered to be in near agreement with the study of GC-MS and FTIR. It is therefore proven the hemp plant takes abundant potential to be used as an inedible source for the manufacture of biodiesel. The fuel properties analysis also indicates that HB has the potential for improving the performance of C.I engines. Blending HB with petro-diesel in various proportions followed by testing in C.I engines, varying the engine parameters like compression ratio, injection timing, injection pressure etc. could be done as a future work.
Feasibility of usage of hemp as a feedstock for anaerobic digestion: Findings from a literature review of the relevant technological and energy dimensions
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Carlo Ingrao, Veronica Novelli, Francesca Valenti, Antonio Messineo, Claudia Arcidiacono, Donald Huisingh
The bibliographical search in Scopus was conducted using the following combinations of key-words or phrases: ‘industrial hemp’; ‘energy crops’; ‘biogas production’; and ‘anaerobic digestion’. Articles were selected if they addressed hemp being used as a suitable biomass feedstock for AD-plants, with the main focus of producing methane, thermal and electrical energy.