China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Photovoltaics
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman, Renewable Energy, 2023
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman
The fill factor (not the filling fraction) of a solar cell is the ratio of maximum obtainable power to the product of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The basis of the name of this quantity can be understood as follows. The product of VOC × ISC is the area of a rectangle whose horizontal dimension is VOC and whose vertical dimension is ISC see Figure 11.13, while the actual maximum power is the area of the dotted rectangle whose horizontal dimension is Vmp and whose vertical dimension is Imp (for maximum power). Obviously, the largest possible fill factor (ff) is 1.0, for which the I–V graph is a step function, but the fill factor is not the same as the cell efficiency. For the cell depicted in Figure 11.13, it would appear that ff is around 0.8 (80%), and in fact, it can be as large as 88% in silicon. Typically, grade A commercial solar cells have ff ≥ 0.7, while less efficient grade B cells have ff = 0.4 – 0.7.
Photovoltaics
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, Renewable Energy, 2017
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller
The fill factor (not the filling fraction) of a solar cell is the ratio of maximum obtainable power to the product of the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current. The basis of the name of this quantity can be understood as follows. The product of VOC × ISC is the area of a rectangle whose horizontal dimension is VOC and whose vertical dimension is ISC see Figure 11.13, while the actual maximum power is the area of the dotted rectangle whose horizontal dimension is Vmp and whose vertical dimension is Imp (for maximum power). Obviously, the largest possible fill factor (ff) is 1.0, for which the I–V graph is a step function, but the fill factor is not the same as the cell efficiency. For the cell depicted in Figure 11.13, it would appear that ff is around 0.8 (80%), and in fact, it can be as large as 88% in silicon. Typically, grade A commercial solar cells have ff ≥ 0.7, while less efficient grade B cells have ff = 0.4 – 0.7.
Electric Power Generation: Photovoltaics
Published in William C. Dickinson, Paul N. Cheremisinoff, Solar Energy Technology Handbook, 2018
Aaron Kirpich G.O′ Brien, N. SHepard
Solar cell designers strive to increase fill factor values, to minimize internal losses. Typical fill factors fall in the range of 0.70 to 0.78. Within the insolation and temperature ranges of interest, curves (b) and (c) illustrate the following important relationships. ISC is directly proportional to insolation; with slight deviation IMP is also proportional to insolation; both ISC and IMP are relatively insensitive to temperature. VOC and VMP(curve c) are inversely proportional to temperature; both are relatively insensitive to the insolation level. For a given level of insolation, curve (c) shows that reduced operating temperatures are significant for achieving higher performance.
A comprehensive review of different types of solar photovoltaic cells and their applications
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2021
Neelam Rathore, Narayan Lal Panwar, Fatiha Yettou, Amor Gama
Singh and Ravindra (2012) examined dependency of temperature on solar cell performance in a temperature range of 273–523 K and concluded that there is increment in reverse saturation current and decrement in open circuit voltage which reduces the fill factor and hence decreases efficiency. At the same time, the bandgap also decreases with increasing temperature and hence reverses a saturation current increase which therefore improves the efficiency of the cell. Therefore with increasing temperature, the tendency of open circuit voltage to decrease and reverse saturation current to increase in the solar cells results in a decrease in the efficiency.
Novel Double Tied Cross Link with Reduced Cross Cables for Maximum Power Extraction under Uniform and Non-Uniform Shading Conditions
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2023
A. Chandra Sekhar, Tejavathu Ramesh
For a PV module, ideal maximum current and ideal voltage are the short circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc). Practically the power generated from the PV module is zero at these operating points. Maximum power from the solar cell can be determined by using Fill Factor (FF), which is the ratio of maximum power to product of Voc and Isc. where Vmp is the voltage at maximum power and Imp is the current at maximum power generated by the PV array.
Experimental performance evaluation of tracking photovoltaic system based on variable water flow rate with surface temperature
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Sally Afram Polus, Ranj Sirwan Abdullah
Figure 7 illustrates the change of the fill factor over time. The maximum fill factor is observed at noon, when the maximum power point voltage and current are highest, resulting in higher power production. The highest fill factor is observed at 35°C due to the fact that photovoltaic panels produce higher voltages at lower temperatures, thus leading to a higher fill factor that is directly proportional to it.