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Energy Conservation and Efficiency
Published in Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman, Renewable Energy, 2023
Robert Ehrlich, Harold A. Geller, John R. Cressman
Cogeneration is fairly common in Europe where 11% of the electricity is generated using it, with Denmark leading the way at 55%. In fact, Denmark fully heats 60% of its homes through district heating provided by cogeneration. In the United States, until 1978 legislation promoted cogeneration, the practice was much less common, but it has now risen to about 8% up from only 1% in 1980. Ironically, it was in the United States where cogeneration began in Thomas Edison’s 1882 first commercial power plant that achieved 50% efficiency because of it. Unfortunately, later developments in the United States involving the construction of centralized power plants managed by regional utilities tended to discourage cogeneration, which is most feasible with smaller power stations that are close to large population concentrations. In fact, the nations that are among the world leaders in cogeneration do get a much higher share of their electric power from decentralized sources. As the world generates more of its electricity from renewable energy, which is more feasible to decentralize than fossil fuel plants, cogeneration should become increasingly feasible. As we shall see in the next section, cogeneration is not the only way to make productive use of heat that is otherwise wasted.
Over 100 Ways to Improve Efficiency
Published in Harry Taplin, Boiler Plant and Distribution System Optimization Manual, 2021
This option may take an extensive analysis but should not be overlooked as a way to improve the bottom line of your operation. High cost, load matching, utility intertie, red tape and pollution control are a few of the challenges that must be faced with cogeneration. It is a very good way to reduce steam and electrical power costs and may be well worth the trouble.
Cogeneration and Distributed Generation
Published in Stephen A. Roosa, Steve Doty, Wayne C. Turner, Energy Management Handbook, 2020
Jorge B. Wong, John M. Kovacik
Cogeneration is broadly defined as the coincident or simultaneous generation of combined heat and power (CHP). In a true cogeneration system a significant portion of the generated or recovered heat must be used in a thermal process as steam, hot air, hot water, etc. The cogenerated power is typically in the form of mechanical or electrical energy.
Biowaste as a feedstock for biogas production – a case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
The biogas produced can be used in cogeneration, i.e. combined heat and power (CHP) plants. Namely, the standard biogas yield is about 90 m3/t of biowaste (DPRRG 2021). The energy value of biogas depends on the percentage of methane as the most combustible gas in the gas mixture and is inversely proportional to the amount of the second most important gas, carbon dioxide. The methane content in biogas from biowaste is normally 55–65%. Therefore, 1 m3 of methane is equivalent to about 10 kWh (9.95 kWh) of energy. This means that if the biogas produced after anaerobic digestion of biowaste contains 60% methane, the energy value of 1 m3of this biogas is about 6 kWh or the equivalent of about 0.6 l of heating oil (Table 8).
Co- and tri-generation system based on absorption refrigeration cysle: a review
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2020
Mingzhang Pan, Yanmei Huang, Yan Zhu, Dongwu Liang, Youcai Liang, Guopeng Yu
Nowadays, many researchers are devoting themselves to solving the problem of energy shortage. One way is to develop new energy sources and the other is to improve energy efficiency. One of the key technologies to improve energy efficiency is to use low-grade heat sources, such as industrial waste heat, to produce power and cooling. Cogeneration systems provide energy savings of primary energy sources and increase the efficiency besides decreasing the greenhouse gases emissions (Çakir, Comakli, and Yüksel 2012; Erickson, Anand, and Kyung 2004). The combined power and cooling cycles are of great interest because they can use the low-grade energy sources with a higher versatility than the separated production of power and cooling (refrigeration) to cover the typical variable cooling and power demands of the buildings.
Thermodynamic, economic and environmental assessments in a cogeneration power plant
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Naime Filiz Tumen Ozdil, Atakan Tantekin, Arzu Pekdur
Taken into account the situation in the World, one of the important problems of mankind is the limitation of energy and its inability to exist. Since mankind has existed, various methods have been developed to produce energy and natural pollution can not be ignored during the energy production process. For this reason, fossil fuels, which increase environmental pollution, are tried to replace by other fuels. Natural gas is one of these alternatives and its environmental damage to the World is less than the other fuels. Cogeneration is a type of energy production method where heat and electricity can be produced at the same time. The reason for the popularity of the cogeneration system is two different types of energy can be obtained as an output at the same time. Moreover, the low level of waste generated during energy production makes cogeneration a more efficient method than other types of energy generation. Besides, the fuel variety used in cogeneration systems can be considered as a distinct advantage. Especially for industries that need to use steam as well as electricity together, cogeneration can be considered in the first place. These systems are economically beneficial for large industries while increasing the thermodynamic performance of the plants (Dincer and Rosen 2007). Agbashlo et al. (Aghbashlo et al. 2018a, 2019b) showed the relationship between exergy efficiency, environmental impact, and sustainability. According to the studies, in order to increase sustainability in a system, the environmental impact should be minimized while the exergy efficiency increases.