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Socio-Economic and Techno-Economic Aspects of Biomethane and Biohydrogen
Published in Sonil Nanda, Prakash K. Sarangi, Biomethane, 2022
Ranjita Swain, Rudra Narayan, Biswa R. Patra
Biomethane is a renewable source of fuel that can replace the fossil fuel, used in the energy and transport sectors and contribute to the supply of energy. It protects and improves the natural resources and environment of the local area. The local community can use this fuel for their daily basic needs within their limitations so that they are less dependent on other countries or areas. This can reduce the emission of CO2 and other off-gasses, which diminishes global warming. The organic wastes from different sources get treated to produce the biogas to biomethane. The byproduct generated during the process can be used as a fertilizer. This technology can help in reducing waste and also diminish the cost required for their disposal. The energy from renewable sources minimizes greenhouse gasses emission and sustainable waste management. Wastewater treatment plants also decrease the water pollution in soil and ground. The biomethane plant set up in any area needs staff for different purposes like for collection and transportation of raw materials, equipment handling, manufacturing, operation, maintenance, and construction, etc. The biomethane production can be more favorable for farmers to remediate the agricultural crop residues and cattle manure while producing biofuels to supplement their basic household needs such as lightening, cooking, and heating. This can give additional economic growth for a rural community. The plant requires more manpower than decreases the unemployment level in the country.
Future Trends and Outlook in Biofuels Production
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Arnaldo Walter, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
Biomethane is a gas derived from the production of biomass and has properties close to those of natural gas. It can be produced by thermochemical conversion (e.g., gasification) or biochemical conversion (e.g., biodigestion) (Thrän et al. 2014). Biogas is the product of the anaerobic digestion of different biomass substrates, such as agricultural residues, animal wastes, food industry wastes, sewage sludge, dedicated green crops, or organic components of municipal solid wastes. Biogas contains mainly methane and carbon dioxide and can be converted into biomethane through a process that removes carbon dioxide and impurities (e.g., hydrogen sulfides, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen compounds) (REN21 2016).
Material Resources in Sustainable Project Management
Published in Anna Brzozowska, Arnold Pabian, Barbara Pabian, Sustainability in Project Management, 2021
Anna Brzozowska, Arnold Pabian, Barbara Pabian
Biomethane and biogas are clean motor fuels. Biogas is produced from biomass and then converted into biomethane. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion as a result of decomposition of organic substances (e.g. plants, animal feces, wastewater sludge, and agricultural and food waste) by microorganisms. The use of agricultural and municipal organic waste for biogas production is particularly important for environmental protection. Compressed biomethane gas is normally used to power motor vehicles. Using biomethane as a fuel significantly reduces NOx, particulate matter, and greenhouse gas emissions. It also enables reduction of noise, compared to traditional fuels.
Biogas purification processes: review and prospects
Published in Biofuels, 2023
J. E. Castellanos-Sánchez, F. A. Aguilar-Aguilar, R. Hernández‐Altamirano, José Apolonio Venegas Venegas, Deb Raj Aryal
Nowadays, there has been a lot of interest in the production, use, and applications of biogas worldwide, which seek to solve environmental problems related to disposing of waste, reducing GHG, and generating added value to waste. Therefore, raw biogas, or quality biogas, which is the last link in this waste recovery process, is a flammable gas that has a high calorific value [18, 19]. Quality biogas (100% CH4) has a heating value of 46 to 55 MJ kg−1 or 30.67 to 36.68 MJ m−3. But raw biogas with ∼60% of CH4 decreases the heating value to 18.38-22 MJ m−3 and is not competitive with other fuels. At present, there are some methods to generate biomethane, by anaerobic digestion or electrolytic (a novel process). In the research carried out by Gonçalves et al. [20], evaluated electrochemistry processes to generate synthetic biofuel (biomethane) from liquefied biomass. The operational parameters were lignocellulosic materials, temperature, and varying concentrations of acidified zeolite catalyst. The results show that the high yield was obtained from biomass evaluated at 300 °C, 4% acidified zeolite Y catalyst, and was achieved 35% CH4 by syngas/biomethane electrolytic production.
Performance comparison of biomethane, natural gas and gasoline in powering a pickup truck
Published in Biofuels, 2022
Pruk Aggarangsi, James Moran, Sirichai Koonaphapdeelert, Nakorn Tippayawong
Biomethane is a renewable fuel produced through upgrading raw biogas [1]. Biogas from anaerobic digestion and landfills, consists primarily of CH4 and CO2. Trace components often present in biogas are water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Biomethane is produced from biogas by removing these trace components and upgrading to increase the gas calorific value. Upgrading separates CO2 from the mixture, producing a gas mixture with a higher percentage of methane. A precise definition for the gas mixture quality that defines biomethane is not agreed upon. It is generally accepted that the term biomethane always refers to a mixture with a methane concentration of at least 80%. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) sets a standard of at least 88% methane for natural gas trading.
Benefits and barriers for the production and use of biomethane
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Antonio Carlos Franco, Luciane Silva Franco, Daniel Poletto Tesser, Rodrigo Salvador, Cassiano Moro Piekarski, Claudia Tania Picinin, Fabio Neves Puglieri
Biomethane has a potential to be extensively used for electricity generation, thus replacing more environmentally-impacting sources (Lorenzi et al. 2019). It can also substitute fossil natural gas in industrial and domestic heating and cooking applications (Ahmadi Moghaddam et al. 2019). Moreover, the contribution to climate change of biomethane production and injection into the grid is 30–40% less, considering a time frame of 500 years (IPCC 500a), or 10–20% less, considering a time frame of 100 years (IPCC 100a), than the contribution of natural gas imports (Jury et al. 2010), as upgrading biogas to biomethane and injecting it into the heating gas network saves 191 kg of CO2-equivalent (per MWh of energy generated with biomethane) (Natividad Pérez-Camacho, Curry, and Cromie 2019).