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Regenerative Design For Achieving Net-Zero Energy Commercial Buildings In Different Climate Types
Published in Manuel Couceiro da Costa, Filipa Roseta, Joana Pestana Lages, Susana Couceiro da Costa, Architectural Research Addressing Societal Challenges, 2017
The first step in adaptive redesign was to analyze massing of the existing building, structure, and spatial organization. It was determined that parts of the building will be demolished (mainly, parts of the second and third floor), and that two additional floors will be added to accommodate new building program, which includes offices, classrooms, museum, retail space, and a restaurant (Figure 10). The middle part of the building was redesigned into a courtyard. With this retrieved courtyard, daylighting and natural ventilation were integrated as passive design techniques to reduce energy consumption. Building envelope upgrade was also achieved by improving the exterior wall insulation. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) rigid insulation panels and fiberglass batt insulation within the framing cavity were added to resist the heat flow and increase the R-value of the wall assemblies. For the top two floors, a new facade system was designed. Curtain wall system and exterior horizontal sunshades system were combined to achieve environmental optimization and energy efficiency. Biomass heating system was integrated into the building’s HVAC system by combusting biomass fuels, which add to significant cost-saving, environmental, and social benefits. Since wood, agriculture residues, and crops are the most common fuels for biomass energy systems, easy accessibility to these organic matters in this region would lead to reduced delivery and storage cost. Commercial HVAC smart control system was taken into the HVAC system retrofit to facilitate intelligent integration and optimization of HVAC system components in the building.
Energy-saving materials and components
Published in Arthur Lyons, Materials for Architects and Builders, 2019
Biomass heating systems burn wood pellets, chips or logs that are fed automatically into the boiler. Systems may provide local heating or be fitted with a back boiler to service central heating, hot water or underfloor heating. Regular maintenance is required to remove ash unless a self-cleaning system is in-built.
Experimental investigation of coal and pellet combustion in a manual loaded stove
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Hasan D. Yildizay, Ahmet Esiyok
Solid fuels are widely used for cooking and heating purposes throughout the world (Deng et al. 2019). According to the world energy statistical studies, it is seen that the global coal consumption reached 157164 TJ in 2020, 55.76% of this figure is composed of the consumption of China (World coal consumption, 1978-2019). High coal consumption is stated to be the main cause of air pollution in China (Xie, Ai, and Deng 2020). As a result of burning coal in stoves, emissions harmful to human health and the environment (CO, , , and PM) are released into the atmosphere (Liu et al. 2017). Especially fine particles () increase environmental pollution and negatively affect human health (Li et al. 2016). In addition, some VOCs (e.g. benzene and formaldehyde) released by coal combustion have toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic effects. Many factors such as flame temperature, flame shape, and air supply are effective in the formation of VOC emissions (Liu et al. 2017). In the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC); it has been reported that the emissions resulting from the use of fossil-based fuels will cause an increase in temperature between 1.4°C and 5.8°C in the period from 1900 to 2100 (Saidur et al. 2011). This case has led to an increase in environmental and energy dependency concerns and an increase in the use of biomass fuel instead of fossil fuels (Roy, Dutta, and Corscadden 2013). The use of biomass has increased, as with other renewable energy sources, mainly due to global warming concerns (Maxwell et al. 2020). The negative impact of global warming on the environment and people has led to the search for eco-friendly energy sources with low CO2 emissions (Kanniche et al. 2010). Biomass is the fourth largest source of energy after coal, oil, and natural gas (Yin, Rossendahl, and Kær 2008). This value reached 9.3% of the total in 2018 (Total energy supply (TES) by source 2021). The use of pellet fuel for heating purposes in homes has become attractive in recent years due to individual or national economic reasons (Nizetic et al. 2019). This situation has led to subsidies by some governments for the use of pellet fuel. Many countries in Europe have introduced tax incentives to encourage biomass heating systems, such as the “Conto Termico” application in Italy (Petrocelli and Lezzi 2014). Similarly, in South Korea, it actively promotes the use of wood pellets and other biomass fuels in home heating, naming tax incentives as “Green Homes” (Lee et al. 2011). Also, The European continent, the replacement of low-efficiency stoves with pellet stoves to reduce emissions for heating purposes is financially supported (Křůmal et al. 2019).