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EEMS2015 organizing committee
Published in Yeping Wang, Jianhua Zhao, Advances in Energy, Environment and Materials Science, 2018
Ancillary service is the most important way to ensure the balance of electricity supply and demand, protect the safe and stable operation of power system and improve quality of power. With the expanding scale of the grid-connected of wind power, peak-regulation pricing and compensa- tion mechanism as an important way to adjust load balance, promote grid-connected of wind power generation and reduce wind curtailment, whether it can be fully provided is a decisive fac- tor to the capacity that system can accept wind power. This paper analyzes the recent status quo of wind power and ancillary services in China. And also proposes the model which can price and compensate the peak-regulation ancillary services of wind power generation in China, in accordance with the principle of “compensation for costs and reasonable revenues”. Then calculate the price and compensation of peak-regulation in the four different types of wind resource areas in China. The prices of peak-regulation are 6.3513 $/MWh, 6.7252 $/MWh, 7.223 $/MWh, 7.597 $/MWh.
Distributed Utilities
Published in Leonard L. Grigsby, and Distribution: The Electric Power Engineering Handbook, 2018
John R. Kennedy, Rama Ramakumar
Ancillary services support the basic electrical services and are essential for the reliability and operation of the electric power system. The electrical services that are supported include generating capacity, energy supply, and the power delivery system. FERC requires six ancillary services, including system control, regulation (frequency), contingency reserves (both spinning and supplemental), voltage control, and energy imbalance. In addition, load following, backup supply, network stability, system “black-start,” loss replacement, and dynamic scheduling are necessary for the operation of the system. Utilities have been performing these functions for decades, but as vertically integrated regulated monopoly organizations. As these begin to disappear, and a new structure with multiple competing parties emerges, DU might be able to supply several of these.
Distributed Generation and Microgrids
Published in Radian Belu, Energy Storage, Grid Integration, Energy Economics, and the Environment, 2019
The DC microgrid presents several operational advantages, such as most of the DG systems employed in the microgrids, are such as PV units and fuel cells DC supply. Storage devices have a DC output voltage, so connecting them to the DC microgrid only require a voltage regulator, as compared to an AC microgrid which additionally needs to synchronize the system by matching the voltage magnitude, the phase and the frequency to the grid. Most of the DC microgrid connected loads are the conventional ones, e.g., electronic devices, TVs, computers, lights, variable speed drives and appliances, reducing or even eliminating the needs for multiple power conversions, such as AC-to-DC or DC-to-AC, as is required for AC microgrids. The DC microgrids do not use transformers, making them more efficient, smaller in size, and reliable. There is no reactive power flow in a DC microgrid, and the voltage control is concerned with only active power flow. In an AC microgrid the voltage control is related to the reactive power flow at the same time injecting the active power. On the other hand an AC microgrid has a facility to use existing infrastructure from the utility grid, the nature of its power system and its compatibility with the utility grid. When using an AC microgrid, there is no requirement to reconfigure loads or the building power system of the supply. This implies that the AC loads are connected directly to the AC microgrid without any power conversion through an AC-DC converter interface. Also, it contributes to the utility grid stability by offering reactive power support for balancing and ancillary services, being fully compatibility with the utility grid.
Bus selection index for distributed generators placement and sizing in the electrical network
Published in Automatika, 2023
Muhammad Raza, Aurangzeb Rashid Masud, Ayaz Hussain, Ravi Mohan Lal
Renewable sources have intermittent nature, and the renewable power plants (operating as distributed generation) posses small capacity which limit their capability to provide ancillary services such as reactive power support, frequency control, etc. [4]. Thus, distributed generation (DG) can significantly deteriorate the network performance if sited incorrectly and have an inappropriate size [5]. Distribution sources are placed and sized on the basis of certain technical and economical criteria such as minimizing the network active power losses, improving network voltage profile, reducing the energy import from the main grid, minimizing the investment cost, and maximizing profit [6,7]. Depending on the system study, either all or any one of these criteria can be applied for bus selection. However, usually, the economical criteria is applied for the selection of DGs among different types, i.e. wind turbine, PV system, fuel cells, biomass generator, energy storage system, and micro-hydro turbines, while the DG placement is based on the technical constraints.
Estimating Spinning Reserve Capacity With Extreme Learning Machine Method in Advanced Power Systems Under Ancillary Services Instructions
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2022
Balancing power systems and programming are the two basic components of energy markets for sustainable uninterrupted energy and frequency balance, with a separate market for auxiliary services that serve to stabilize the system. Increasing energy demand, pricing and scheduling of these services have become a major problem in energy markets. The SR used to provide the service is the basis of ancillary services programmed in the power system markets, which reserve is provided by loading and shedding instructions in the intraday market. It is desirable to provide a fixed amount of energy as a reserve to adjust imbalances in load and generation schedules. In general, it determines the reserve requirement according to the weekday or weekend, time of day and season. In addition, the reserve is planned according to the conditions prevailing before the day ahead market closes. Some countries, with the largest wind energy integrated, set the reserve at 30 days of the same month of the previous year, based on usage, and consider adjusting for wind capacity. PJM plans the reserve at 1% of peak load and 1% of minimum load. These SOs preferred the deterministic method to provide simplicity in the utility requirement calculations. This deterministic method is easy to apply. However, it does not consider changes in load and unexpected situations on the system. Although the number of Ancillary Services (AS) is very small, they play an important role in maintaining system stability and security. SO must program AS to compensate for differences in load and production. Operating reserve is an AS with great involvement in reducing such differences.
Optimized Intelligent Coordinator for Load Frequency Control in a Two-Area System with PV Plant and Thermal Generator
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Sajad Davtalab, Behrouz Tousi, Dariush Nazarpour
PV plant, also known as PV power station, is a large-scale PV system designed for the supply of merchant power into the power system. The PV plant is a large grid of solar cells and is different from the local PV panels utilized for houses or small industrial centers. Large PV plants, as connected to the main grid directly, can contribute to ancillary services such as frequency control. The main structure of a PV plant can be described as follows: series or parallel connection of solar cells makes a PV panel which can provide more power to the grid; in the next stage, a PV plant will be made by the connection between the PV panels.