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Development and present state of transport systems in Polish copper mines
Published in Tad S. Golosinski, Mining in the New Millennium Challenges and Opportunities, 2020
The development of the copper industry in Poland has been driven by the need to secure internal supply of raw materials needed by the country and to provide export earnings. The reserves of KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. are the world’s fourth largest and consist of: probable reserves of 36 million tones of copper and proven reserves of 20 million tonnes of copper. Copper ore is mined in three mines: Lubin, Polkowice-Sieroszowice and Rudna. The proven reserves of the three mines amount to 850 million tonnes of ore with an average copper content of 1.8%. The developed reserves are 133 million tonnes of ore with an average copper content of 1.91% and permit copper ore mining at the current level until 2020. The polymetallic ore contains significant amounts of silver and other metals. Silver, the basic byproduct, contributes significantly to profitability of mining. Silver content in the developed reserves ranges from 40 g/tonne in the Polkowice-Sieroszowice Mine to 85 g/tonne in the Lubin mine. The quantity of silver recovered from the copper ore makes KGHM the world’s second largest silver producer, and Poland the world’s ninth largest silver supplier. In 1999 the KGHM Polska Miedz S.A. mined over 27 million tonnes of ore and produced 1.8 million tonnes of copper concentrate.
A Consortium of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Used for Lead, Copper, and Cadmium Bioremediation
Published in Vineet Kumar, Vinod Kumar Garg, Sunil Kumar, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Omics for Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Systems, 2023
Julia Mariana Márquez-Reyes, Julián Gamboa-Delgado, Fatima Estefanía Soto-Zamora, Juan Antonio Vidales-Contreras, Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes, Alejandro Isabel Luna-Maldonado, Celestino García-Gómez
The environmental pollution problems in historical mining sites show that although there is natural attenuation at these sites, the concentrations of PTEs can remain as sources of dispersion for up to hundreds of years, generating health problems, destruction, and alteration of habitats near mining sites. The mining activity sites are developed for the exploitation and benefit of polymetallic mineralization, which can experience arsenic and heavy metals contamination due to: (1) the dispersion of mineral particles from the waste deposits (tailings), promoted by the wind and/or water action (rain, rivers, and streams), (2) the mobility of dissolved metals during weathering or alteration of minerals. In the latter, the acid mine drainage (AMD) stands out (Dold, 2014).
Evaluation of the metal(loid)s phytoextraction potential of wild plants grown in three antimony mines in southern China
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Yunxia Zhang, Bo Song, Liangliang Zhu, Ziyang Zhou
Along with the rapid economic development of China, environmental issues have become increasingly prominent (Midhat et al. 2019). The development and utilization of mineral resources are increasing, leading to severe soil heavy metal pollution (Wan et al. 2017). One of the most severe environmental problems in China is the polymetallic pollution of soils in and around mines (Tang et al. 2019). Mine tailings are one of the main sources of metal pollution that may spread to surrounding areas (Maliki et al. 2015; Wan et al. 2017). Owing to the deposition of particulate matter, disposal of solid waste, and discharge of wastewater, the soils of mining and smelting sites are often contaminated by multiple metals (Xiao et al. 2009; Wu et al. 2019). heavy metal(loid)s accumulate in soil due to their non-degradable nature and persist for a long time, endangering human health through the food chain (Crecelius et al. 1974; Abid et al. 2019). The soils in Hunan, Guangxi, and Guizhou contain high concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s. The high risk to human health is caused by the higher heavy metal concentrations in these areas (He et al. 2012), and the content of heavy metal(loid)s in antimony ore is higher than that of other metal ores (Tschan et al. 2009). Higher concentrations of heavy metal(loid)s in soil, sediment, water, and plants are mainly found near mining and smelting areas (Sun et al. 2009).
Rare earth elements (REEs) in PM10 and associated health risk from the polymetallic mining region of Nandan County, China
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Guanghui Guo, Bo Song, Mei Lei, Yanwen Wang
Nandan County, located in the northwestern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, is characterized by smelting and mining activities. It is famous for its abundance of many types of polymetallic ore, such as Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Au, and Cu. The top soil, water, and air are contaminated by metals and metalloids from local emissions of polymetallic sulfide deposits from widespread metal smelting and mining plants (Zhong et al.2016). To assess the risk of REEs to the ecological environment and human health, it is first necessary to clarify the concentrations and distribution of REEs in PM in Nandan County.
Modelling of pilot scale vertical roller mill operated in overflow mode
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2021
Tests were performed for polymetallic and chalcopyrite ores. The polymetallic ore contains gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc within the minerals of chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and gahnite. Initially, Bond Work Indices and specific gravities of testing materials were determined (Table 4).