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What instead of oil?
Published in Rauli Partanen, Harri Paloheimo, Heikki Waris, The World After Cheap Oil, 2014
Rauli Partanen, Harri Paloheimo, Heikki Waris
In his book Blackout (2009), Richard Heinberg presents some studies that have been made on the subject. The trend seems to be that we have been moving from high quality coal that has been easy to mine, to lower grades that are in harder places to reach and deeper underground. Peak coal has been estimated to hit somewhere between 2025 and 2050. The alarming thing is that almost every time new estimates on reserves have been done, the amount of reserves has been downgraded, often by a lot.
Energy Markets’ Future
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Again, we don’t have a crystal ball, so we have to rely on the estimates of insiders and experts, which show that peak coal could arrive in many countries such as China and America around 2030. Total global coal production is about 7,000 Mt/yr, and is expected to reach 12–13,000 Mt/yr by 2030.
Fossil Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
Coal reserves are available in almost every country worldwide, with recoverable reserves in around 70 countries. At current production levels, proven coal reserves are estimated to last 147 years. However, production levels are by no means level, are in fact increasing, and some estimates are that peak coal could arrive in many countries such as China and America by around 2030.
The impact of China’s carbon neutrality target on its energy consumption structure by 2050
Published in Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 2022
Tao Zhang, Shuting Zhang, Jingchuan Qu
In recent years, under the pressure of global warming and countries’ Paris Agreement commitments to independently reduce their carbon emissions (Umar et al. 2020), the international community has ultimately committed to promoting world energy transformation. Based on the world energy development predictions of many international mainstream institutions (Cao et al. 2016), such as the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and the U.S. Energy Information Agency (EIA), world coal and oil consumption will reach a peak in 2050. The proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption will increase to a large extent. Regarding when total consumption will reach this peak, coal consumption will reach its peak between 2020 and 2030, and oil consumption will reach its peak between 2030 and 2040. Moreover, the importance of natural gas will further increase from 2030 to 2050, becoming the fastest-growing source of fossil energy.