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Underground soft rock mining
Published in A.J.S. (Sam) Spearing, Liqiang Ma, Cong-An Ma, Mine Design, Planning and Sustainable Exploitation in the Digital Age, 2023
A.J.S. (Sam) Spearing, Liqiang Ma, Cong-An Ma
Bituminous coal: Bituminous coal was formed under even higher heat and pressure. It has two to three times the heating value of lignite. Bituminous coal is used to generate electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for the steel and iron industries. Bituminous coal typically contains 77–87% carbon based on a dry ash free analysis (Figure 2.6).
Fossil Energy Markets
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Global Energy Market Trends, 2021
Bituminous coal has a carbon content ranging from 45 to 86% carbon and a heat value of 10,500 to 15,500 Btus-per-pound. The most plentiful form of coal in the United States, bituminous coal, is used primarily to generate electricity and make coke for the steel industry. The fastest growing market for coal, though still a small one, is supplying heat for industrial processes.
Fossil Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
The most plentiful form of coal in the United States, bituminous coal is used primarily to generate electricity and make coke for the steel industry. The fastest growing market for coal, though still a small one, is supplying heat for industrial processes. Bituminous coal has a carbon content ranging from 45 to 86 percent carbon and a heat value of 10,500 to 15,500 Btus per pound.
Effect of inorganic and organic additives on coal combustion: a review
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2021
Coals are categorized into four different ranks: lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, and anthracite coals. They are categorized according to the formation of coal by the strata in mountains (Facts about Coal and Minerals 2016). Coal is typically formed from peat. Over the period of time, peat is dried and hardened due to increased pressure and heat from layer by layer of rock in the earth crust which typically has high moisture and ash content and low heating value. Higher pressure coal forms the higher rank coal which eventually forms high-quality coal. Peat coal under higher pressure resulted in the formation of lignite coal and further forms bituminous coal, a grade superior than lignite. Bituminous coal (soft coal) has a higher heating value than lignite coal. Anthracite coal (hard coal) is higher in grade than bituminous and possessed the highest heating values and the lowest amounts of moisture and ash content than other coal types due to the elevated pressures, encountered in layers of rock formed during natural formation of mountain ranges. Coal can be designated as high-rank coals and low-rank coals (LRCs) depending on their carbon content; high-rank coals have higher carbon content than LRCs in their structures (Khatami and Levendis 2016).
Kinetic studies on bituminous coal char gasification using CO2 and H2O mixtures
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2019
Junwei Chen, Weibin Chen, Ru Ji, Yang Jiao, Xidong Wang
The bituminous coal is characterized by the moderate volatile contents, higher calorific value, a moderate fixed carbon content, good thermal stability, and better reaction activity (Bagreev et al. 2004; Senior et al. 2000). Moreover, among the existing proven coal reserves, bituminous coal accounts for 73.73% in China (Wu, Liu, and Sun 2014). Thus, bituminous coal was selected as the experimental sample. In addition, the effects of gasification temperature, gas composition and gasification time were studied, and gasification kinetics of bituminous coal char were emphatically investigated using CO2 and H2O mixtures. The results lay a technical foundation for industrialized application of the coal gasification-DRI technology.
Integrated design method for a multi-objective and multi-parameter cavity structure under the flow field effect
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2020
Haiying Cheng, Ning Zhao, Jianxin Li, Zhiyong Hu
According to the degree of carbonization, coal is divided into peat, lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. Different types of coal differ in the degree of ignition difficulty, heat generation, and pollutant emission. Lignite is widely used in pulverized coal burners as a fuel. The fuel used for swirling aggregate drying pulverized coal burner is the Huolinhe lignite of Inner Mongolia in China; its proximate and ultimate analyses are shown in Table 1. Huolinhe lignite was ground using a coal mill to form pulverized coal with a particle size of 50 µm–100 μm, and pulverized coal entered burner at a rate of 0.674 kg/s.