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Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater
Published in Sreedevi Upadhyayula, Amita Chaudhary, Advanced Materials and Technologies for Wastewater Treatment, 2021
Nimish Shah, Ankur H. Dwivedi, Shibu G. Pillai
Due to the development of new technologies, the extent of mining has been increased and waste generation has been multiplied enormously. As mining technologies are developed for profit making, more and more waste will be generated in future, which is certainly harmful for animals and human beings. After the removal of waste rocks often containing sulfides, heavy metals, and other contaminants, they are generally stored above the ground in large free-draining piles. These waste rocks and the exposed substrata walls are the major source of the heavy metals pollution. Hence care should be taken for the implementation of systematic water treatment of the mining wastewater to protect our environment, which will indirectly protect the life on Earth. This treatment will help in processing wastewater from mines, in the extraction of minerals from water streams, in the treatment of mine sludge, and in reusing process water. The processes should be able to remove the pollutants such as suspended solids of different heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, iron, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, antimony, zinc, and many more to give zero liquid discharge. Different types of technologies can be implemented for mine water treatment, such as filtration, evaporation, crystallization, desalination, ion exchange, membrane separation and other various other technologies.
Recycling, Reuse and Treatment Technologies of Mine Water for Environmental Sustainability and Economic Benefit in Mining Operations
Published in Hossain Md Anawar, Vladimir Strezov, Abhilash, Sustainable and Economic Waste Management, 2019
Hossain Md Anawar, Golam Ahmed, Vladimir Strezov, Ruhul F. Siddique
Three different types of mine water are identified depending on their chemical composition and pH. They are acidic mine water, alkaline mine water and neutral mine water (Kesieme, 2015). Acidic mine water is of interest because it has greater environmental hazards compared to others. Other acidic waste solutions also considered are waste streams from mineral processing plants and smelter sites. Kesieme (2015) explore the possibilities for the novel combination of two technologies, membrane distillation (MD) and solvent extraction (SX), for water and acid recovery from industry spent acid streams and acidic mine wastes solutions as well as modelling economic opportunities for MD to understand the cost sensitivities, in particular in the context of a carbon tax benchmarked against its more well-known application in seawater desalination.
Uranium
Published in Earle A. Ripley, E. Robert Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, L. Moira Jackson, Environmental Effects of Mining, 2018
A. Ripley Earle, Robert E. Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, Earle A. Ripley, E. Robert Redmann, Adèle A. Crowder, Tara C. Ariano, Catherine A. Corrigan, Robert J. Farmer, L. Moira Jackson
Liquid effluents from uranium operations can contain radionuclides, sulphur compounds, metals, and organic toxins. Wastewater streams produced by uranium mining comprise drainage water from underground and surface mines, waste heaps, and tailings piles; surplus mill-process water; miscellaneous wash-down water; and precipitation runoff. Mine water is primarily groundwater that has been in contact with the orebody. Unless the ore contains pyrites, it is not acidic, but does contain radionuclides. Mill waters, particularly the raffinate (the pregnant solution after uranium removal), contain both radionuclides and residual acids from the leaching process. Controlling these substances is very important to minimize their radiological and chemical effects (Lendrum 1984). The best treatment method, as regards minimization of residuals and maximization of water recycling capabilities, is usually determined by means of a pilot plant (Al-Hashimi 1989). Other wastewater varies in composition, depending on its source; however, it is usually very low in volume.
Evaluation of geochemical behaviour of flooded cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings by dynamic-tank leaching test
Published in International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment, 2021
Tekin Yılmaz, Bayram Ercikdi, Haci Deveci
During the ore extraction process, the mine water forms through the water seepage from surface and/or underground into underground mine from which is drained with pumps. The mine water may contain potentially harmful metal ions in high concentrations. CPB is usually placed into the mined-out openings. The oxidation of CPB produced from sulphide-rich tailings (S-rT) may occur in long term leading eventually to the solubilisation/mobilisation of various potential contaminants present in the CPB matrix in contact with mine water. After the termination of ore extraction operations, i.e. mine closure, the underground mine (and hence CBP) may be completely flooded with ground-water. In fact, the adequate water saturation within CPB can mitigate the sulphide oxidation and the resultant AMD formation essentially due to the creation of anaerobic, i.e. oxygen-deficient conditions given the limited solubility and diffusion of oxygen in water [4,6–8].
Research progress, problems and prospects of mine water treatment technology and resource utilization in China
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Siyu Zhang, Hao Wang, Xuwen He, Shaoqing Guo, Yu Xia, Yuexi Zhou, Kai Liu, Shipeng Yang
Mine water is a type of groundwater, but it is different from ordinary groundwater. Due to the long-term occurrence in the ground, a lot of minerals are dissolved in it. Meanwhile, the water body is affected by underground mining activities, and organic substances such as oil also enter the mine water. This makes the mine water quality more complicated. Therefore, the composition of various materials in suspension, solubility and colloidal state in mine water should be studied and analyzed from the perspective of water chemistry. Scientifically determine the optimal treatment route for mine water. Although the water quality of mine water from different coal mines is not exactly the same. It is possible to find common components in different types of mine water through the analysis of the mine water quality characteristics. Thereby it can provide a scientific basis for the purification and resource utilization of mine water. In summary, analysis of the water quality characteristics of mine water is a basic scientific research work that must be completed by state investment funds.
Distribution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in underground coal mining environment of Xuzhou
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019
Di Chen, Qiyan Feng, Haoqian Liang, Bo Gao, Easar Alam
The drainage of mine water has exceeded 8 billion tons per year in China, and only 25% is being treated. Large amount of mine water is being discharged into the environment directly, and the organic pollutants especially PAHs in mine water pose serious threats to the ecological environment. In addition, after the closure of mines groundwater can rebound to roadway and PAHs in underground environment can be dissolved in water, and along with the movement and migration of mine water it pollutes the groundwater and surface water system, which ultimately brings great ecological risks to the environment.