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Treatment Devices
Published in Laurence J. Street, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Technology, 2023
The simplest cryosurgery technique uses a small piece of absorbent material on the end of a rod made of low heat conductivity material such as wood. The rod and material are dipped into a vacuum flask containing liquid nitrogen. The liquid nitrogen is absorbed by the material and stays in liquid form long enough for the rod to be removed from the flask. The soaked material is then applied to the target area. A few seconds of contact is usually sufficient to produce the desired result.
Extraction and Transportation
Published in T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann, Landfilling of Waste: Biogas, 2020
T. H. Christensen, R. Cossu, R. Stegmann
An hour later, as shown in Fig. 17, a large negative pressure area had developed at 1N3-25', indicating a breakthrough of the vacuum from below the thick interim cover at roughly -16.9 m (-55 ft) into the cell above. The vacuum in this cell appears to be increasing, analogous to a vacuum flask being evacuated. The zone of vacuum influence around probe 1N3 had also begun to expand. A positive pressure zone had also emerged between the two vacuum bulges, breaking the continuity of the vacuum breakthrough to the surface in the area between Well 2 and 2N2.
Bioremediation of Hexavalent Chromium in Water, Soil, and Slag Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Published in Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils, 2018
Step 1. Separate Solids from Liquids. The filter funnel and vacuum flask are assembled and weighed. Approximately 5 g of refuse or soil is then accurately weighed into the funnel and the weight recorded. A vacuum is then applied for 8 min, drawing the air and fluid into the vacuum flask. If no liquid is detected in the vacuum flask, then go to Step 2. The procedure described in the Federal Register, that one must follow Steps 7.1 through 7.9 to separate solids from liquids in those samples that have free liquids present, is usually only relevant for the solid samples that have been treated. Also, Step 7.10 is followed only when there are less than 0. 5 percent solids in the sample. Again, since this is not the case for our present samples, that step is not relevant.
Synthesis and properties of biodegradable poly(ester-urethane)s based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and aliphatic diurethane diisocyanate for long-term implant application: effect of uniform-size hard segment content
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Li Zhang, Chunxia Zhang, Wenwen Zhang, Honghong Zhang, Zhaosheng Hou
OH-terminated PCLs with different molecular weight were synthesized via bulk ring-opening polymerization with BDO as initiator and ε-CL as monomer [20]. A typical procedure: the predetermined amount of ε-CL and BDO was added to a vacuum flask at room temperature, and the system was evacuated and purged with dry argon for three times to exclude oxygen. After the catalyst stannous octoate (0.3 wt% of ε-CL) was introduced to the system, the vacuum flask was sealed and the reaction was carried out under reduced pressure at 130 °C for 36 h to obtain the PCL. The complete conversion of the polymerization was verified by 1H NMR and FT-IR analyses. The reaction scheme is depicted in Figure 1(a), and the chemical composition and molecular weights of PCLs are listed in Table 1. According to the designed molecular weight (Mtheo.) of 600, 1000, 2000 and 3000 g/mol, the PCLs were named as PCL-I, PCL-II, PCL-III and PCL-IV, respectively.
Nutrient recovery of the hydrothermal carbonization aqueous product from dairy manure using membrane distillation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Nicholas A. Silva, Sage R. Hiibel
A bench-scale DCMD unit (Figure 1) was used to concentrate nutrients in various feed solutions. The system follows the multi-pass batch design consisting of a feed loop and a distillate loop with an overflow drip component, as described by Taylor et al. [19]. As water passes through the membrane, the excess distillate volume drips through the neck of a vacuum flask and into a distillate capture flask located on a balance. The mass measurement on the scale is then used to calculate the transmembrane water flux.
Evaluation of Chemical Reagents to Enhance the Dewatering of Fine Coal
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2019
Maria Holuszko, Amit Kumar, Jophat Engwayu, Leopoldo Gutierrez, Esau Arinaitwe
The vacuum filtration tests were performed using a Buchner funnel apparatus. The system included a Buchner funnel mounted on a vacuum flask, a second vacuum flask installed was used to prevent slurry from entering the vacuum pump and for stabilizing the vacuum pressure, and a vacuum pump controlled with a valve. The testing conditions are listed in Table 2. The dry cake weight was recorded to calculate the moisture content and cake formation rate.