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Guided Elastic Waves – Analysis and Applications in Nondestructive Evaluation
Published in Kundu Tribikram, Mechanics of Elastic Waves and Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, 2019
Above we have learned how different Lamb modes can be generated in a plate by adjusting the striking angle and frequency of the incident P-wave. By placing an ultrasonic transducer at an angle relative to the plate, as shown in Figure 2.16, the required condition can be satisfied. Ultrasonic transducers generate P-waves of certain frequency. The signal frequency is determined by the natural frequency of the ceramic crystal in the transducer. The ultrasonic transducer frequency varies from 500 kHz to 10 MHz for conventional ultrasonic inspection applications. However, specially built ultrasonic transducers can generate ultrasonic signals with a resonance frequency as low as 50 kHz or even lower, and as high as 100 MHz or higher. In acoustic microscopy applications the signal frequency can be as high as 1 to 2 GHz, and in some applications even higher.
Error and Correction in Robotic Ultrasonic Testing
Published in Chunguang Xu, Robotic Nondestructive Testing Technology, 2022
An ultrasonic transducer is a device to realize the conversion between sound energy and electric energy mainly through piezoelectric, electrostrictive or magnetostrictive effect. The ultrasonic source described in this chapter is a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer that is mainly equipped with a normal probe or a focusing probe in the detection process. The ultrasonic transducers with other probes such as ordinary angular probe, double crystal probe and phased array probe can also be used.
Basic Design of Ultrasonic Transducers
Published in Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond, Ultrasonics, 2011
Dale Ensminger, Leonard J. Bond
The various forms of ultrasonic transducer deliver mechanical energy that is coupled into a material into which ultrasonic waves will propagate, or they act as a sensor to detect the presence of ultrasonic waves propagating in a material. The transducer is the electro–mechanical or mechanical–electro conversion device and reciprocity applies.
Effect of ultrasonic coupling media and surface roughness on contact transfer loss
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
An ultrasonic transducer is the active element of the probe which converts electrical energy into sound, and vice versa, and the term typically refers to piezoelectric transducers (IAEA, 1999) or capacitive transducers (Maity et al., 2019a, 2019b, 2018a, 2018b; Savoia et al., 2012). Ultrasound propagates in different materials which are made of atoms (or molecules) that are connected to each other by an interaction force. Electromechanical transducers are far more versatile and include piezoelectric and magnetostrictive devices. Non-destructive material testing involves the use of ultrasonic echolocation to gather information on the integrity of mechanical structures. A proper coupling media should be used between the probe (piezoelectric) and the specimen to improve the transmission of ultrasonic energy between them.
Ultrasonic technique for measurement of oil-film thickness in metal cold rolling
Published in Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2022
G. J. Adeyemi, R. S. Dwyer-Joyce, J. T. Stephen, A. Adebayo
Ultrasound is described as a wave with high frequency that generates from the conversion of electric energy to sound energy with the aids of the ultrasonic transducer. The generated wave is useful in many fields especially in engineering applications such as distance measurement, inspection and monitoring of engineering products and structures. Also, it is used to detect the minor and invisible flaws with the engineering materials body.