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2 Synthesis
Published in Yi Long, Yanfeng Gao, Vanadium Dioxide-Based Thermochromic Smart Windows, 2021
Shancheng Wang, Dimitra Vernardou, Charalampos Drosos, Yi Long
Reaching meticulous and descriptive results within the prerequisites of the research hypothesis is essential in order to get a full and clear picture of what is really going on inside and outside, occasionally, the reactor’s system boundaries. Consequently, the aims of transport phenomena in chemical processes are three closely related topics: fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and mass transfer. Fundamentally, fluid dynamics involves the transport of momentum, heat transfer involves the transport of energy, and mass transfer is concerned with the transport of mass of various chemical species. The CFD code, as a numerical simulation of fluid flow, is used to describe the complex behavior of fluids by numerically solving the laws that govern the movement of fluids in or around a part of the system or subsystem.
Magnetic Nanofluids—A Novel Concept of Smart Fluids
Published in Mangey Ram, Mathematics in Engineering Sciences, 2019
In the fluid flow, transport phenomenon generally refers to the movement of various entities (such as momentum, energy, or mass) through a fluid due to diffusion or convection. Due to the variations of concentration in a medium, a relative motion of various chemical species occurs, which is generally referred as diffusion. While the velocity variations lead to the transport of momentum, the temperature difference results in the transport of energy, usually known as heat conduction. The transport phenomena have a variety of applications like surface coating of magnetic inks in computer hard disks, detection of toxic chemicals in soils and streambeds, separation of proteins in downstream bioprocessing, etc.
Transport Phenomena of Bioprocesses
Published in Debabrata Das, Debayan Das, Biochemical Engineering, 2019
Transport phenomena is the study of the movement of different physical quantities in any chemical or biochemical process and consists of the basic principles and laws of transport. It also describes the relations and similarities among different types of transport that may occur in any system. A proper knowledge of transport phenomenon is necessary in order to effectively design and efficiently operate a bioprocess/biochemical plant. The current chapter lists the fundamentals of transport processes that one comes across in the bioprocessing industries. Hence, this topic is important for people from the chemical as well as non-chemical backgrounds. The word “transport phenomenon” in chemical engineering encompasses the subjects of momentum transfer or fluid mechanics, mass and energy, or heat transfer processes: Momentum transport deals with the transport of momentum in fluids and is also known as fluid dynamics, e.g., blood circulation in body, mixing phenomena in bioreactor.Energy or heat transport deals with the transport of different forms of energy in a system and is also known as heat transfer, e.g., sterilization of reactor, temperature control in bioreactor.Mass transport deals with the transport of various chemical species themselves and is also known as mass transfer, e.g., oxygen transport from bubbles to aerobic microorganism.
Jacobi Collocation Technique to Solve Nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion Equation
Published in International Journal for Computational Methods in Engineering Science and Mechanics, 2021
Shubham Jaiswal, S. Das, Ramu Dubey, A. K. Tiwari
During mathematical modeling of transport phenomena, linear and nonlinear PDEs appears in the several areas of science and engineering like fluid dynamics, hydrodynamics, filtration, phase transition, biology, etc. The transport phenomena are mainly governed by three processes diffusion, convection and reaction kinetics which lead to the different types of models such as diffusion, convection-diffusion, and reaction-convection-diffusion models. These models have vast applications in the several fields of science and engineering to describe many natural processes existing in nature in which the simplest model is diffusion model which is expressed as where denotes the species concentration and is the diffusivity. Transport through porous media begins with diffusion theory applied at the pore scale and predicts the transport according to reaction-convection-diffusion model in flowing water. Till date, lots of improvements have been done in the field of the diffusion process, and it has been extended to different areas like biology, probability theory, stochastic theory. In biology, lots of phenomena happen where a vital element of the developmental process is the appearance of traveling wave of chemical concentration. When diffusion process coupled with reaction kinetics, traveling waves of chemical concentration affect the biochemical change very much faster than simple diffusion process [1]. The reaction-diffusion model is a very important model that appears in various areas of science and engineering and expressed as where is the nonlinear reaction term. The simplest form of this is so-called Fisher equation with which have been given by Fisher in 1937 to depict the movement of a vital mutant in an infinitely long habitat [2] and having great applications in various fields [3–7]. It also used as a mathematical model of reacting flow in the porous medium. If then another simplest form of Equation (2) is found known as Huxley equation which also has important applications in various fields, e.g., biology, chemistry, fluid dynamics.