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Introduction to Electric Motors
Published in Wei Tong, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 2022
Torque density is defined as the ratio of the nominal continuous torque T to the motor volume V, as the measure of the torque-carrying capability per unit volume. High torque density and high efficiency are two of the most desirable features for electrical motors. Torque density is a measure of the torque-carrying capability per unit volume of a motor, expressed in units of N/m2 or lbf/ft2. Torque density is a system property since it depends on the design of motor components and their interconnections. One of the main design goals in motor design is to improve the torque density of motors.
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Published in Bei Gou, Woonki Na, Bill Diong, Fuel Cells, 2016
Bei Gou, Woonki Na, Bill Diong
The power demand of an FCV’s electric motor ranges from 75 to 120 kW. With great progress in power electronics and microcontroller-based controllers, compact, cost-effective, and highly efficient inverters make it possible for an AC induction motor and brushless permanent magnet (BPM) motor to be able to be utilized in FCVs. In general, both of these motors (an AC and BPM motor) provide high efficiency over a wide range of operation, but these motors require complicated control schemes such as a space vector pulse with modulation (SVPWM) to produce the desired torque through processing the feedback signals of the current and rotor position compared to DC brush motors. A traction motor plays an important role in the FCV. The main characteristics of a traction motor for vehicle applications are [26] High torque density and power density.High torque for starting, at low speeds and hill climbing, and high power for high-speed cruising.Wide-speed range, with a constant power operating range of around 3–4 times the base speed, being a good compromise between the peak torque requirement of the machine and the volt–ampere rating of the inverter.High efficiency over wide-speed and torque ranges, including a low torque operation.Intermittent overload capability, typically twice the rated torque for short durations.High reliability and robustness appropriate to the vehicle environment.Acceptable cost.
An optimal selection of slot/pole combination and its influence on energy efficient PMSM for submersible water pumping applications
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Anand Mouttouvelou, Vinod Balakrishna, Sundaram Maruthachalam, Suresh Muthusamy, Hitesh Panchal, Meenakumari Ramachandran, Vennila Ammasi
Power demand is a major concern associated with energy conservation in both developed and developing countries across the world. In India, this factor has seen a substantial rise which is projected to reach 300 GW in the forthcoming decade. There persists a maximum demand for energy conservation in India, specifically for irrigation and its allied agricultural applications, since India has primarily inherited from an agricultural economy. The efficient use of energy is of prime importance in both developing and developed nations. In developing countries like India, the backbone of the country’s economy is supported by various agricultural and allied activities. In countries like India, agricultural activities are carried out by irrigation systems which are operated by motor-driven pump sets. The pump sets are either monoblock or submersible in nature. In rural areas, where the groundwater level is low the conventional SIM-based pump sets are utilised for harvesting the ground water for irrigation applications. However, there are many areas where the ground water level extends beyond 450 m and hence utilisation of the existing SIMs become difficult as it results in reduction in the operating point with low discharge and high losses. Hence, high power and torque density motors such as Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) capable of pumping water from deep ground water level regions are necessary which also mandate an energy efficient design process to achieve the same.
Implementation of Different 2D Finite Element Modeling Approaches in Axial Flux Induction Motors
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2023
Mustafa Özsoy, Orhan Kaplan, Mehmet Akar
With the increasing energy demand, studies on efficient electric motors that can produce high torque at low volume and cost have increased. These motors have great potential in various special applications with low and high pole numbers [1]. In this respect, axial flux motors, which can provide high torque density with better efficiency, are promising motors compared to their radial alternatives [2]. First, since the magnetic flux is axially distributed, these motors have a higher diameter than the axial length [3]. Therefore, they produce a higher torque density as a longer force arm is achieved. Furthermore, with improvements to the inverter design on the driver side, a contribution to higher torque density can also be achieved [4]. Secondly, because they are induction motors, they have established technologies and are easy to use [5]. In addition, AFIM offer high starting torque, wide constant power range, short-term overload capability, and fault tolerance [6, 7]. However, the long computation time required, especially in the optimization performed with 3D analysis, has caused disruptions in the development of AFIMs [8].
Design, simulation and optimisation of a novel low ripple outer-rotor switched reluctance machine for variable speed application
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2023
Omid Khodadadeh, Hassan Moradi CheshmehBeigi, Mohammad Hossein Mousavi
where is the rotor pole number, and is the stator pole number. Torque ripple frequency increases proportionally with higher rotor or stator pole number, benefiting the average output torque, though this comes at the expense of higher losses and hence lower efficiency (Krishnan, 2017). The design with one pair of stator poles more than the rotor has the characteristics of good inductance ratio, high average torque and low switching frequencies. Nevertheless, it has been proved in Miller (1993), the higher number of rotor poles offers a lower torque ripple. The new design with more poles of the rotor than the stator has been proved to have higher torque density and lower torque ripple when compared with a conventional SRM (Bilgin et al., 2011; Desai et al., 2009). For a three-phase outer rotor design, since the outer rotor provides more space for the rotor poles, the proposed ORSRM structure is particularly suitable.