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Transmission systems
Published in Tom Denton, Automobile Mechanical and Electrical Systems, 2018
The torque converter delivers power from the engine to the gearbox like a basic fluid flywheel, but also increases the torque when the car begins to move. Similar to a fluid flywheel, the torque converter resembles a large doughnut sliced in half. One half, called the pump impeller (Fig. 5.42), is bolted to the drive plate or flywheel. The other half, called the turbine, is connected to the gearbox-input shaft. Each half is lined with vanes or blades. The pump and the turbine face each other in a case filled with oil. A bladed wheel called a stator is fitted between them. The components and operation of the torque converter are shown in Figures 5.43–5.46.
Power Transmission, Brakes and Cooling Systems
Published in Iqbal Husain, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles, 2021
Torque converter is a type of fluid coupling device that allows power transfer from the engine to the transmission at different vehicle speeds. When the vehicle is stopped and the engine is idling, only a small amount of torque is transferred to the transmission. As the engine speed increases with increased power demand from the driver, the torque transfer amount also increases.
Thermal effect on cavitation characteristics of a hydraulic torque converter
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2022
Meng Guo, Cheng Liu, Jiahua Zhang, Shiqi Liu, Qingdong Yan, Boo Cheong Khoo
Hydraulic torque converter is a closed-loop fluid machinery which transfers power by the conversion between fluid kinetic energy and mechanical energy, and it serves as a core component of automatic transmission and hydraulic transmission since it is able to provide continuously variable transmission, self-adaption to load, and absorption of vibration from the engine [1]. Therefore, it is widely used in the transmission systems of passenger cars, off-road vehicles, construction machinery, and marine vehicles, etc. Hydraulic torque converter is mainly composed of three impellers – the pump, the turbine and the stator. The working fluid absorbs energy from the pump which is connected to the engine, and makes impact on the turbine which in turn drives the load, and then flows back to the pump via stator. Each impeller contains a series of twisted blades with different shapes and numbers, as shown in Figure 1.
Transmission Fluid Properties’ Effects on Performance Characteristics of a Torque Converter: A Computational Study
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2021
Yang Yang, William W. Liou, Farrukh Qureshi, David J. Whitticar, Michael E. Huston
Hydraulic torque converters (HTCs) are an integral part of automatic and power shift transmissions and are used as a fluid coupling device between engine’s output shaft and transmission’s input shaft (1, 2). Functionally for a torque converter, torque is transmitted from engine to transmission through the fluid coupling until input and output shaft speeds approach one another and the shafts mechanically lock up when equipped with a lock-up clutch. It is estimated that nearly 30 million torque converters are used annually in passenger vehicles. Off-highway and construction equipment also use torque converters. Though there are many varying torque converter designs, the most common type consists of three elements, including turbine, stator, and impeller. Torque converter efficiency is important from the standpoint of managing parasitic losses. Additionally, a design parameter known as the k-factor has implications for the torque converter design and performance characteristics of the equipment.
Split power hydro-mechanical transmission with power circulation
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2018
The efficiency , resp. the torque ratio , of the speed- multiplying torque converter (), corresponding to the speed ratio , equals , resp. (for for certain values of and ), where is the efficiency of the conventional torque converter for the speed ratio (where the speed ratio is understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of turbine to the rotational speed of pump); thus the efficiency of the hypothetical speed-multiplication torque converter at the speed ratio , understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of the faster rotor (turbine) to the rotational speed of the slower rotor (pump), is assumed to be equal to the efficiency of the conventional torque converter at the same speed ratio understood as the ratio of the rotational speed of the faster rotor (pump) to the rotational speed of the slower rotor (turbine).