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Thermal Stress in Assemblies with Identical Adherends
Published in Suhir Ephraim, Avoiding Inelastic Strains in Solder Joint Interconnections of IC Devices, 2021
The thermoelectric cooling technology uses the Peltier effect to create heat flux between two assembly components. A cooler based on the Peltier effect (Peltier device or a solid-state refrigerator or a thermoelectric cooler or module) transfers heat from the “hot plate” to the “cold plate,” thereby consuming energy.
Beneficial Commercial Building Uses of Electricity
Published in Clark W. Gellings, 2 Emissions with Electricity, 2020
Thermoelectric materials are capable of generating electricity from thermal gradients, or from generating thermal gradients from electricity. Figure 9-10 illustrates thermoelectric modules used for refrigeration and power generation. The capability of thermoelectric materials to generate thermal gradients from electricity could allow for compressorless refrigeration and air conditions. Thermoelectric cooling and heating sometimes incorporates the Peltier effect.
Detector Fabrication
Published in Alan Owens, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors, 2019
For compound semiconductors, thermoelectric cooing provides a simple and relatively inexpensive method of cooling detectors for test and evaluation. Thermoelectric cooling makes use of the Peltier effect to create a heat flux at the junction of two dissimilar materials. A thermoelectric, or Peltier, cooler is a heat pump made up of many Peltier junctions, which converts electrical energy into a temperature gradient between two surfaces, namely the top and bottom of the device. Its main advantages over vapor-compression refrigerators are its lack of moving parts or circulating fluid, its small size and flexible shape (form factor). Its main disadvantage is that its relative efficiency is only 15–20% of that achieved with conventional compression cycle refrigeration systems. This can be a limitation in some applications, for example, in space, where spacecraft resources are generally very limited. In addition, the maximum temperature difference that can be achieved with a multi-stage device is less than 160K. Thus, from an ambient temperature of 300K, the minimum temperature achievable is only about 140K. At these temperatures, the coefficient of performance is very low (~10–4) as opposed to, say, a pulse tube cryocooler (up to ~10–1). Consequently, thermoelectric coolers are not suitable for cryogenic cooling in their present form.
Performance analysis in the design of thermoacoustic refrigeration system: review
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Sajid Hameed Siddiqui, Akash Langde
Figure 3 represents the arrangement of the thermoacoustic refrigeration system and building of a thermo-acoustic refrigeration is mentioned in Figure 4, pressure waves are generated by the sound waves and produced by the electroacoustic driver. These pressure waves cause gas particles to compress and expand. The gas molecules within the stack space heat up owing to constructive interface compression and cool down due to destructive interface expansion (Farikhah, et al., (2022). Moreover, the Peltier effect is used to induce a heat flow between the junctions of two distinct types of materials in thermoelectric cooling. i.e., When DC travels through the device, heat is transferred from one side to the other, resulting in one side being cooler while the other becomes hotter and this effect is known as the “See beck effect” (Nair and Tripathi 2019). Heat may be used as a direct input energy source for thermoacoustic refrigeration, making it suitable for waste energy recovery from heat sources such as hot exhaust gas streams from current thermodynamic operations. A thermoacoustic engine or an acoustic power generator can be used to create sound waves (ordinary loudspeaker or liner alternator). Sound waves are used by thermoacoustic refrigerators to transfer heat from the cooling compartment (low temperature) to the surrounding environment (high temperature). The acoustic driver (loudspeaker) and a resonator, which is commonly a tube filled with the working gas, are the essential components of a standing-wave thermoacoustic refrigerator (helium, air, etc.) (Kamil, Yahya, and Azzawi 2023). The stack is the structural component that facilitates the energetic exchange of acoustic and thermal energy through air compression and rarefaction inside the empty stack spaces exposed to acoustic waves in a thermoacoustic refrigerator (Sarpero, Gourdon, and Borelli 2023).
A review on the progress and development of thermoelectric air conditioning system
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Manoj Sasidharan, Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri, Sharifah Fatmadiana Wan Muhammad Hatta, Suriani Ibrahim
The thermoelectric cooler comprises of a thermoelectric module sandwiched between two heatsinks and an exhaust fan positioned on each side of the heatsinks. The schematic in Figure 3 below illustrates the basics of a thermoelectric cooler. The thermoelectric module uses the Peltier effect, which converts electrical energy to thermal gradient in thermoelectric cooling. The heat is absorbed on the cold side and discharged on the hot side of the heatsink.