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The Application of Microwave Energy for Fabrication of Polymer-Based Composite Materials
Published in Amit Bansal, Hitesh Vasudev, Advances in Microwave Processing for Engineering Materials, 2023
Manjeet Rani, Rajeev Kumar, Nishant Verma, Himanshu Pathak, Sunny Zafar
DMA is a highly adaptable and flexible analytical method to determine the physical properties of a wide range of materials. Until the 1950s, the commercial setup of DMA was not available to perform the testing. In the early 20th century, an initial attempt was started to perform various testing for composite materials. In the late 1980s, the computers were integrated with the DMA setup machines to make it easier for scientists and researchers. When it became popular among scientists, many suppliers contacted scientific laboratories and organizations for its commercial reach. Other techniques were added with the basic DMA like dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, or dynamic thermomechanical analysis. Now, DMA is well known for thermal analysis of the composites or a part of thermal analysis. Other thermal analysis methods are differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA).
Thermal Properties of Recycled Polymer Composites
Published in R.A. Ilyas, S.M. Sapuan, Emin Bayraktar, Recycling of Plastics, Metals, and Their Composites, 2021
Havva Hande Cebeci, Korkut Açıkalin, Aysel Kantürk Figen
The thermal analysis techniques, which are subjected to modern developments, play an important role in material characterization, especially for polymers, polymeric composites and recycled polymers. Generally, thermal analysis is applied to measure the change of physical and chemical properties of the materials against temperature and time under controlled conditions. Nowadays, thermal analysis techniques provide helpful information for material design, reaction kinetics, reactor design, process optimization and energy analysis. Moreover, supplying the recycled polymers instead of wood, fiber and synthetic polymers for the effective recycling process, correlation of chemical structure and physical properties with thermal analysis results is necessary. Thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), dynamic thermal analysis (DMA) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) have been extensively employed for polymer characterization such as thermal transitions, crystallinity degree, characteristic temperatures, residue amount, the activation energy of decomposition, oxidative degradation and stability (Dobkowski, 2006). Besides these, viscoelastic properties of polymers are measured for characterization of mechanical behavior by using the DMA technique where minor cyclic stress is applied, and the response stress is recorded (Krishnasamy et al., 2019).
Durability of Polymer-Modified Bituminous Roofing Membranes
Published in Christer Sjöström, Durability of Building Materials and Components 7, 2018
Thermal analysis enables the characterization of materials by temperature related physical and chemical changes. Thermal analysis is more advantageous than the conventional tests, because it can be performed quickly over a wide temperature range. From the test data, several chemical and physical properties can be estimated as well as mechanical properties. Some thermal analysis techniques, e.g. TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis), have been used for the study of single-ply roofing materials [29,31]. Glass transition, crystallinity, crosslinking, and phase separation are typical characteristics obtained by thermal analysis. Using DMA, the changes in dynamic mechanical properties can be observed to study the degradation of polymers.
Effect of UV aging on the thermo-mechanical properties of C-B-A and G-B-A hybrid composites: A study using TMA
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Munise Didem Demirbas, Zekiye Erdogan
Composites have an important place in the design of space shuttle and aircraft engine parts, and material performance should be considered in the design depending on the temperature. There are two tools for mechanical thermal analysis, the first is TMA and the other is dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). TMA is a simple technique that records changes in sample length as a function of temperature change. In addition, it provides a fair measurement of phase transitions, glass transition temperature, and coefficient of thermal expansion. DMA is the technique that measures modulus and damping factor. DMA allows the application of an oscillating force to a composite laminate and analyzes the response of materials to this force and determines the flow tendency (viscosity) properties [26–29]. TMA technique is used in this study, and some of the recent studies using this technique are given below.
Composite material from waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber and waste window glass filler
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Biruk Gedif Worku, Tessera Alemneh Wubieneh
Thermal analysis is a series of techniques that provide physical property measurement as a function of temperature, time, and other variables. Mainly, TGA measures the weight change of composite sample over temperature range and DSC measure the heat flow of composite sample over the given temperature range. The thermal behavior of PET bottles and recycled PET was measured with both DSC and TGA. DSC samples were heated at a rate of 40 °C/min from 30 to 445°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The test was carried out under an air atmosphere at a flow of 20 ml/min. TGA was performed at a temperature range from 30°C to 1200°C, with a heating rate of 30°C/min. This was done to check the effect of recycling on the properties of PET and used to investigate the response of recycling PET polymers on heating.
Residual stress and deformation analysis of lattice compressor impeller based on 3D printing simulation
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Yuan Zhang, Fanchun Li, Dejun Jia
After the thermal analysis, the mechanical analysis based on the thermal analysis is needed to obtain the mechanical response of parts in the process of material deposition. The results of thermal analysis are input into the mechanical model as thermal load. The stress balance control equation can be described as follows: where is the second-order stress tensor and is the body force. For the same material with boundary A, the boundary conditions are described by the following two formulas: where, Eq. (15) is the boundary condition of face Eq. (16) is the boundary condition of face representing the normal displacement on surface is the normal traction on surface and is the unit vector perpendicular to the outward direction of face