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Turbulent Flows with Chemical Reaction
Published in Bart Merci, Tarek Beji, Fluid Mechanics Aspects of Fire and Smoke Dynamics in Enclosures, 2023
The standard formation enthalpy of a species is the change in static enthalpy upon formation of 1 mole of that species in its standard state, from its composing elements in their standard state, at standard ‘reference’ temperature (298.15 K) and standard pressure (1 atm = 1,01,325 Pa). The ‘standard state’ is the most stable state at given pressure and temperature. This is a material property.
Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substances
Published in David R. Lide, Henry V. Kehiaian, CRC HANDBOOK of THERMOPHYSICAL and THERMOCHEMICAL DATA, 2020
David R. Lide, Henry V. Kehiaian
apply to the properties themselves and to the changes in these properties which occur in a reaction (including the reaction that leads to formation of a compound from its constituent elements). When all the substances involved in a reaction are in their standard states (see Table 2.4.1), the changes in properties are described by terms such as “standard molar enthalpy of reaction”, “standard molar Gibbs energy of formation”, etc. A particularly important relation is that between the standard molar Gibbs energy of reaction and the equilibrium constant Kp: lnKp=−ΔG°/RT
Gibbs and Helmholtz energies
Published in W. John Rankin, Chemical Thermodynamics, 2019
The standard Gibbs energy of formation of a compound is defined (in the same manner as for enthalpy and entropy of formation) as the change in Gibbs energy when 1 mole of the compound is formed from its constituent elements under standard state conditions at a specified temperature. Thus, for the reaction kA+lB=AkBlΔfG0AkBl=G0AkBl−kG0(A)−lG0(B)
Investigation of the reduction roasting of saprolite ores in the Caron Process: microstructure and thermodynamic analysis
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2021
Chemical thermodynamic calculations were carried out using FactSage thermodynamic software (version 6.2) (FactSage) to predict the phases, their compositions and proportions formed under equilibrium conditions in the saprolite ores during reduction roasting. The behaviour of Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, Fe2O3, MgO, NiO, and SiO2 components were considered. Since there are extensive solid solutions in the metal and oxide phases present in the system, for accurate prediction of the distribution it is necessary to use thermodynamic descriptions of the solutions for the phases rather than assuming they are present as stoichiometric compounds. The following optimised thermodynamic solution databases were used in the thermodynamic modelling; FTmisc solution databases for Fe-Ni alloys; spinel; monoxide; olivine; pyroxene; corundum; quartz; FToxide for slag and amorphous oxides solutions. The proportions of the phases, nickel distribution between phases, and nickel concentrations in the phases present at equilibrium were calculated at selected oxygen partial pressures and temperatures. The standard states used for thermodynamic calculations are pure solids and liquids, and gas at 1 atm, (101.3 kPa) pressure.
The effect of sulfur dioxide partial pressure on gas-slag-matte-tridymite equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 2022
Ata Fallah-Mehrjardi, Taufiq Hidayat, Peter C. Hayes, Evgueni Jak
The thermodynamic predictions provided in the paper have been undertaken using FactSage thermochemical software and associated thermochemical databases (Jak et al. 1997; Decterov and Pelton 1999; Jak et al. 2000; Decterov et al. 2004). The standard states used for thermodynamic calculations are pure solids and liquids, and gas at 1 atm, (101.3kPa) pressure.