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Emerging Trends and Conclusion
Published in Sheila Anand, L. Priya, A Guide for Machine Vision in Quality Control, 2019
In the early part of the Industrial Revolution period, wind and water were the main sources of power for industries—waterwheels, windmills, and horsepower. This was replaced by steam power, with the development of stationary steam engine. Machines, such as lathes, planers, and milling and shaping machines, powered by steam engines were developed. Coal replaced wood and other biofuels as chief source of fuel in the iron industry. The spinning jenny was invented during this time and led to great development in the Textile industry. Chemicals were produced for the first time in large scale. Cement was patented and produced during this time. Agriculture also underwent mechanization in terms of development of mechanized plough, seed drill, and threshing machine. The transportation industry saw tremendous growth. Transport by land in Britain was mainly through waterways and road, both of which went through considerable improvements. The waterways are still in use in the United Kingdom. The development of the steam locomotive during this period marked the beginning of the development of railways.
A Conceptual Framework for Industry 4.0
Published in Turan Paksoy, Çiğdem Koçhan, Sadia Samar Ali, Logistics 4.0, 2020
Sercan Demir, Turan Paksoy, Cigdem Gonul Kochan
Three basic technological innovations set the stage for the First Industrial Revolution. First, James Watt’s steam engine, patented in 1769, which permitted the transformation of heat energy into steam and mechanical energy. Second, the spinning machines of Arkwright and Crompton, which were patented in 1770 and 1779—were too large and cumbersome to be moved by a man or an animal—made possible the mass production of thread and yarn. Third, Henry Cort’s reverberatory furnace, invented in 1784, fabricated a high volume of iron, the most widely used industrial metal of all time. The impact of these three fundamental innovations hit Great Britain at the same time during the last fifteen years of the eighteenth century (Ohandler 1980). Subsequently, a series of inventions began to shift cotton manufacturing toward a factory system in the 1730s. The improved accuracy of the flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early industrial revolution. Flying shuttle was retouched over the next thirty years to make it possible to work with new power sources other than human power. The Spinning Jenny device, the early multiple-spindle machine for spinning wool and cotton invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, mechanically drew out and twisted the fibers into threads. Similar to the flying shuttle, the Spinning Jenny device also utilized human power and not a new power source when it was used for the first time (Stearns 2012). Richard Arkwright patented the Water Frame (aka. Arkwright Frame) in 1769. This new machine used water as a power source and produced a better thread than the Spinning Jenny. The Water Frame was a machine with a series of cogs linked to a large wheel that turned by running water. This invention led to the building of a majority of mills in Britain (Newlanark.org 2019).
Technological forecasting in textile industry: From first to fourth industrial revolution
Published in Fernando Moreira da Silva, Helena Bártolo, Paulo Bártolo, Rita Almendra, Filipa Roseta, Henrique Amorim Almeida, Ana Cristina Lemos, Challenges for Technology Innovation: An Agenda for the Future, 2017
A.Y.S. Duarte, F.G. Dedini, R.A. Sanches, R. Anderl
Arkwright has many contributions to the textile machinery. First, he patented in 1769 the water frame, a spinning machine that combined the “Spinning Jenny” system, rollers and waterwheel. Second, he patented the carding machine, a “preparatory” system to start the textile production (McNeil, 1990). He noticed that he needed to mechanize all the processes to maintain the workflow, attesting the scenario described by McNeil (1990, p.830) as the “upsurge called Industrial Revolution”.
Positive lean: merging the science of efficiency with the psychology of work
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
This changed dramatically in the 1760s with the advent of the First Industrial Revolution, which began in the British textile industry. By leveraging innovations in mechanisation (e.g. spinning jenny, water frame and power loom) and power (steam engine) manufacturers achieved vast increases in output per worker relative to traditional manual production. This led the new factory system to progressively replace the domestic production and craft guild systems, first in textiles and then throughout manufacturing.