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Overview of Quality of Projects
Published in Abdul Razzak Rumane, Risk Management Applications Used to Sustain Quality in Projects, 2023
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the mid-19th century. It gave birth to factories, and the goals of the factories were to increase productivity and reduce costs. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, items were produced by individual craftsman for individual customers, and it was possible for workers to control the quality of their products. Working conditions then were more conducive to professional pride. Under the factory system, the tasks needed to produce a product were divided among several or many factory workers. Under this system, large groups of workmen were performing similar types of work, and each group was working under the supervision of a foreman who also took on the responsibility of controlling the quality of the work performed. Quality in the factory system was ensured by means of skilled workers, and the quality audit was done by inspectors.
Overview of Quality in Oil and Gas Projects
Published in Abdul Razzak Rumane, Quality Management in Oil and Gas Projects, 2021
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the mid-18th century. Industrial Revolution gave birth to factories. The goals of the factories were to increase productivity and reduce costs. Prior to Industrial Revolution, items were produced by individual craftsman for individual customers, and it was possible for workers to control the quality of their own products. Working conditions then were more conducive for professional pride. Under factory system, the tasks needed to produce a product were divided up among several or many factory workers. In this system, large group of workmen were performing similar type of work, and each group was working under the supervision of a foreman who also took on the responsibility to control the quality of the work performed. Quality in factory system was ensured through skilled workers, and the quality audit was done by inspectors.
Imperial models: technology and design in state-controlled porcelain manufacture in early modern China
Published in History and Technology, 2022
Instead of claims for who pioneered the ‘industrial revolution’, taking a truly global perspective could allow us to see a gradual making of the history of industrialization where technology, states, markets, labour forces, and deposits of natural resources constitutively co-evolved in regional industrious workplaces such as ceramic kiln sites in eighteenth-century China.4 Shortly before the world of capitalism, early modern imperial intervention into large-scale porcelain production rendered the commercial nature of such manufacture ambiguous. A joint scrutiny of the so-called imperial manufacture and private production in China will reveal the pre-modern ateliers operating as a factory system with an elaborate labour division and other industrial features in a context other than market-driven capitalism.
Guidelines of the German Association of Engineers for Evaluating Human Work in the Digital Factory
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2021
Nevertheless, there are a number of calculation procedures for predicting environmental influences, but these are not yet integrated into a Digital Factory system. An exception to this is the point-in-time and time-period exposure related to radioactive radiation in a work area, according to a method developed by the Electric Power Research Institute (Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), 2012). For this approach, several application examples have been published (Ribon, 2013; PennWell, n.d.). Beyond this, there are isolated point-in-time calculation procedures for all essential environmental influences, which are particularly important for occupational health and safety. In contrast to this, there are only a few forecasting procedures for types of strain (e.g., effects of climate or electromagnetic fields) on human organs, tissues, etc.
Decisional-DNA Based Smart Production Performance Analysis Model
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2019
Syed Imran Shafiq, Edward Szczerbicki, Cesar Sanin
The central idea of our concept is to replicate knowledge and experience of the manufacturing factory, and to represent it virtually to create Manufacturing DNA. In a manufacturing domain, a factory performs various processes; a process, in turn, uses different resources for its manufacturing. For the complete knowledge representation of a manufacturing system it is categorized into three levels; first is the resource/object level, second is the process level and third is the factory/system level. SOEKS based knowledge representation of these levels is developed both at the individual level and in conjunction with each other. Virtual/knowledge representation of engineering objects, processes and system will be beneficial in the asset, machine and entire system optimization respectively. Critical, effective and creative decisions can be made based on these intelligent virtual manufacturing levels. In the subsequent sections concept of VEO, VEP, and VEF are discussed.